Portage Learning Medical Terminology Module 7 Problem Set

Vocabulary flashcards covering digestive system anatomy, functions, combining forms, and medical terms from Portage Learning Medical Terminology Module 7.

Gastroenterology

Study of the GI tract

Alimentary canal

Continuous tube that is formed from the mouth to the anus, containing the main organs and accessory organs of the GI tract

Gingivae

Gums in which teeth are embedded

Deciduous teeth

Temporary teeth that develop in infancy and childhood, numbering 20 in total

Permanent teeth

Adult teeth, numbering 32 in total

Incisors and canines

Teeth used for biting into food

Premolars and molars

Teeth used for crushing food

Sphincter

A muscle that encircles a tube and contracts to cause the tube to close

Lower esophageal sphincter

Also known as the cardiac sphincter, it prevents acidic stomach contents from regurgitating up from the stomach back into the esophagus

Nephrology

Studies the kidney and diseases that affect the kidney

Stomach

A sac made of muscle that can distend as the stomach fills with food

Fundus

Upper part of the stomach

Body (stomach)

Main part of the stomach

Antrum

Lower part of the stomach

Mechanical digestion

Process where muscles in the walls of the stomach contract to churn and mix food with digestive juices contained within the stomach

Chemical digestion

Process where enzymes and hormones break down food

Rugae

Folds within the walls of the stomach that allow the stomach to expand as it fills with food and where digestive juices are made

Chyme

Food in a liquid state

Pyloric sphincter

Sphincter through which chyme moves out of the stomach, slowly releasing it into the small intestine

Villi

Structures forming the small intestine wall that function in the absorption of nutrients to be delivered to the cells of the body

Duodenum

First 12 inches of the small intestine

Jejunum

Middle portion of the small intestine

Ileum

Last 12 inches of the small intestine before the large intestine

Defecation

The process of removing stool from the anal canal

Metabolism

Process of chemically and physically breaking down tissues and creating different tissues that are needed for the body

Bile

A digestive juice produced by the liver that is involved in fat metabolism

Hepatic duct

Duct through which bile leaves the liver to travel to the small intestine

Cystic duct

Duct connecting the gallbladder to the hepatic duct

Common bile duct

Structure formed when the hepatic and cystic duct come together

Biliary tree

Refers to the travel from the liver to the intestine

Pancreatic duct

Duct through which the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes to the small intestine

Absorpt/o

To take in

Anabol/o

Building up

An/o

Anus

Append/o

Appendix

Bil/i

Gall, bile

Catabol/o

A casting down

Chol/e

Gall, bile

Cholangi/o

Bile duct

Choledoch/o

Common bile duct

Cirrh/o

Orange yellow

Col/o

Colon

Cyst/o

Bladder

Diverticul/o

Diverticula

Duoden/o

Duodenum

Enter/o

Intestine

Esophag/o

Esophagus

Gingiv/o

Gums

Gloss/o

Tongue

Hepat/o

Liver

Herni/o

Hernia

Ille/o

Ileum

Jejun/o

Jejunum

Lapar/o

Abdomen

Pept/o

To digest

Polyp/o

Polyp

Prand/i

Meal

Proct/o

Anus and rectum

Pylor/o

Pylorus, gatekeeper

Rect/o

Rectum

Sial/o

Saliva, salivary

Sigmoid/o

Sigmoid

Stomat/o

Mouth

Anabolism

Building up of body substances in the constructive phase of metabolism

Anorexia

Lack of appetite

Ascites

Build-up of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Biliary

Pertaining to bile

Bilirubin

Orange-colored bile pigment that is excreted by the liver cells after hemoglobin has been separated into parts

Bowel

The intestines

Buccal

Pertaining to cheek

Catabolism

The process of breaking down complex substances into more basic elements

Choledochotomy

Surgical incision into the common bile duct

Colectomy

Surgical excision of part of the colon

Colostomy

A surgical procedure that brings one end of the large intestine out through an opening in the abdominal wall

Constipation

Difficult defecation with the infrequent passage of hard and dry stool