Intro to Animal Science Post Test - Exam 1

Feedlot operations are located mostly in these states because of the abundance of grain in these states.

Northern and Southern Plains States

Which of the following gene effects would be considered a qualitative trait which is transmitted by only one gene:

horns in cattle, sheep, or goats

In livestock when a genetic trait expression is limited to one of the two sexes, this condition is referred to as:

sex-limited trait

Contributions to a successful dairy herd improvement program are as a result of two very important factors discussed in class. What are these two factors.

Genetic selection and A.I.

Most U.S. pork is produced in the Midwest because of the abundance of grain. The increase in pork production in North Carolina and the southeastern states is mostly as a result of:

Concentration of larger operations

The gene for Polled is dominant [P] and gene for horned is recessive (p). If the F1 generation sire (Pp) is mated to a dam (Pp) the genotypic ratios for all the F2 offspring will be:

25% homozygous polled, 50% heterozygous polled and 25% homozygous horned

The gene for Polled is dominant [P] and gene for horned is recessive (p). If the F1 generation sire (Pp) is mated to a dam (Pp) the phenotypic ratios for all the F2 offspring will be:

75% polled and 25% horned

What is the single largest cost of pork production as discussed in class by your animal science instructor?

Feed cost

A variety of an animal, the members of which are related by descent and are similar in certain distinguishable characteristics

Breed

Which of the following trait(s) in animal genetic terms would be considered as a carcass or carcass trait(s):

Backfat thickness

In the 1940's beef cattle promoters capitalized on merchandising a certain breed of beef cattle as being the ultimate in all production traits. Why were they able to do this and get away with it in the 1940's without getting accused of lying to the producer?

No comparative breed data was available at the time to compare breed performances

Which of the following trait(s) is/are considered quantitative trait(s) of economic importance in pork production

Carcass leanness, rate of gain and efficiency of lean gain, backlit thickness and dressing percentage

One of the reasons for large importation of different breeds of beef cattle from several different countries in the 1960s and 1970s was because of:

all of the above?

In livestock when genes for a trait occur on the sex chromosome, this condition is referred to as:

sex-linked trait

Poultry (broiler) and turkey consumption has doubled in recent years because of:

poultry product promotions, many retail cuts and choices available, consumer attitudes about red meat (all of the above)

In order to optimize genetic improvement in a livestock herd animal breeders have to utilize several techniques in livestock selection. The following statement(s) is/are true about livestock selection:

Selection allows breeders to preserve genetic superiority, breeders use selection techniques that allow them to address the genetic improvement needs of individual producers, selection allows certain animals to become parents of the next offspring (Only statements A, B, & D above are correct)

EPD estimates the genetic merit of an individual animal, and these estimates can be computed using genetic data from records of:

full-sibs, the performance of the individual animal, half-sibs, parents (all of the above)

Sheep production nationwide is decreasing as a result of:

decrease use of standard wool, increase use of synthetic products in place of wool, decrease in mutton and lamb consumption (A, C and D above)

The average age of parents when they produce their first offspring is referred to as:

generation interval

In normal mating conditions a bull with XY chromosomes mated to a cow with XX chromosomes will produce offspring that are:

50% XY and 50% XX

The basis for selection is pedigree, individual appearance or performance, and progeny testing. What bus the seedstock producer or the farmer who selects his/her own replacement stock do on an everyday basis to enable him/her use good judgement in either selection methods?

identify animals, collect data, keep a good set of records ( all of the above)

The following statement(s) is/are true about the dairy industry in the state of Wisconsin:

Wisconsin is the leading state in the nation in cheese production, Wisconsin in leading state in the nation in total number (inventory) of dairy cattle farms (Only B and C above are correct)

According to statistics for per capital consumption of meat products from 1970 to 1998 discussed in class, beef consumption is increasing, broiler consumption is remaining steady while pork production is decreasing. True or False.

False

In sheep the gene for horns appears completely dominant in males. The same gene in females appears recessive to the polled condition. This trait in sheep is said to be a:

sex-influenced trait

The difference in performance between the average of individual animals selected and the average of the herd or group from which they were selected is referred to as:

selection differential

The expression of the genotype to the environment is referred to as the:

phenotype

The gene for Polled is dominant [P] and gene for horned is recessive (p). If a sire with the genotype PP is mated to a dam with the genotype pp, the offspring resulting from this mating will be:

heterozygous polled

Some very important known fact(s) about dairy cattle milk production is/are:

brown Swiss & Ayrshire have greater longevity of milk production than holsteins, holsteins produce more milk at peak production than brown Swiss or Ayrshire, variations exist within and between these breeds for milk production (all of the above)

Which of the following states has the highest sheep population in the U.S.

Texas

The poultry industry is highly efficient in meat and egg production because of specialized production in different phases by several poultry companies. True or False

False

Advances in AI permit farmers to use outstanding sires for genetic improvement and to control reproductive diseases in their herds. True or False

True

A trait is a heritable characteristic, which of the following in animal production would not be considered a trait:

a. horns in cattle

b. backfat in swine or cattle

c. animal environment on the farm

d. feed efficiency

e. growth rate

f. days to market in beef cattle

c. animal environment on the farm

worldwide cattle, sheep and goats are used as major sources of animal food protein. The reason(s) swine are not raised or pork consumed in most parts of the world as we do in the USA is (are):

lack of grain or feed resources, religious and cultural taboos, grain is a staple food of some communities of the world (all of the above are correct)

The largest market for U.S. pork exports in recent years is:

Japan

The simplest unit of inheritance is known as the:

gene

You were given a premium for milk production based on the milk fat content of your milk by a dairy industry manufacturer who produces cheeses and butter for a HyVee chain of grocery stores in the states of Iowa & Wisconsin, which specific breed of dairy cows will you be milking in your barn?

Jersey

Most US egg and broiler production is owned and controlled by a few companies that are not vertically integrated in all phases of production. True or False

False

The transmission of genes from parents to offspring is known in genetical terms as:

inheritance

The number of dairy cows being milked today is decreasing, but the amount of milk produced per dairy cow is increasing. True or False

True

The pounds-per-capita consumption of meat is much higher for developing countries than industrialized countries? True or False

False

Cow-calf operations are mostly in areas where land is best suited for grazing. Which of the following states has the highest number of cow-calf production operations?

Texas

Sheep production nationwide is decreasing as a result of:

decrease use of standard wool, increase use of synthetic products in place of wool, decrease in mutton and lamb consumption (A, C, and D above are correct)

Variation exists within and between breeds for milk yield and percentage milk fat, but the efficiency of milk production per 100 pounds of body weight is the same for major breeds. True or False

True

Almost 86% of all broilers int he most recent years were raised in 10 leading states located in the south-southeastern regions. The leading state in broiler production is:

Georgia

The leading state in milk production is:

California

Milk production per cow has increased greatly in the past 50 years due to improvements in:

breeding & selection, feeding & nutrition, sanitation, management (all of the above)

Which of the following list of states is the leading states in swine production

swine

Approximately what percentages of our U.S. population is represented by farmers?

1.7%

Many years back swine were raised to produce some particular products desirable to the consumers then; but today the swine producer's goals are to produce a:

"Lean-meat type" pig

According discussions in class this semester, what did your instructor say that were the common largest costs of pork production in the pork industry?

feed costs

What is the breed of swine that has a reddish brown, black spots, and is very muscular that your isntructor discussed in class as being prone to a genetic condition known as porcine stress syndrome (PSS)?

Pietrian

Which of the following list of states is the leading state in turkey production?

North Carolina

Which of the following is the leading country in the world for milk production?

USA

The increase in milk production in California is mostly as a result of

concentration of larger operations

Poultry breeds are classified as:

egg type - layers, dual purpose type - for egg and meat, meat type - broilers, only meat type and dual purpose breeds lay brown eggs (all of the above)

Which one of the major animal enterprises is very labor intensive and requires high investment needs per animal unit?

dairy enterprise

Farmer Joe who owns and operates a lucrative beef enterprise south of Cuba City asked you a student in Introduction to Animal Science here at UWP to compute the selection differential of his selected replacement bull based on these data: The selected replacement bull #1063 weighed 75 pounds at birth, but the herd average birth weight for his farm is 70 pounds. What is the calculated selection differential for the selected bull #1063?

5 pounds

Which of the following list of states is the leading state in table egg production?

Iowa

According to USDA data broiler production is owned by top 10 broiler production companies. Which of the following broiler company is leading in broiler production?

Tyson Foods

Worldwide cattle, sheep and goats are used as major sources of animal food protein. The reason(s) swine are not raised or pork consumed in most parts of the world as we do in the USA is (are):

because of lack of grain, religious and cultural taboos, grain is a staple food of some communities of the world (all of the above are correct)

Which of the following states has the highest sheep population in the U.S.

Texas

Which of the following is the leading country in the world for the number of beef cattle?

India

You were given a premium for milk production based on the amount of fluid milk production by a dairy industry manufacturer who processes and sells to HyVee and other grocery chain stores in the states of Iowa and Wisconsin, which specific breed of dairy cows will you be milking in your barn?

Holstein

Which of the following is the leading country in the world for US beef exports?

Japan

Ruminants are very efficient converters of roughages into animal protein for human consumption. True or False

True

Which of the following list of states is the leading state in cheese production?

Wisconsin

Poultry (broiler) and turkey consumption has doubled in recent years because of:

poultry product promotions, many retail cuts and choices available, consumer attitudes about red meat (all of the above)

Which of the following states has the most dairy farms in the USA?

Wisconsin

According to discussion in class, dairy steers make up a good percentage of the total amount of beef sold and consumed in Wisconsin. True or False

True

In which species of livestock has the development and marketing of breeding stock moved from the family farm to specialized genetic companies?

bovine

The gene for Polled is dominant [P] and gene for horned is recessive (p). If a sire with the genotype Pp is mated to a dam with the genotype pp, the genotypic ration of offspring resulting from this mating will be:

50% heterozygous polled & 50% homozygous horned

The gene for Polled is dominant [P] and gene for horned is recessive (p). If a sire with the genotype Pp is mated to a dame with the genotype pp, the phenotypic offspring resulting from this mating will be:

50% polled & 50% horned

The leading state in dairy goat production is:

Wisconsin

The gene for Polled is dominant [P] and gene for horned is recessive (p). If a sire with the genotype PP is mated to a dam with the genotype Pp, the genotypic offspring resulting from this mating will be:

50% homozygous polled and 50% heterozygous polled

__________ is the mild form of inbreeding used to maintain a high genetic relationship between one animal and its outstanding ancestor

line breeding

Which of the following selection systems/methods listed below would be considered the most used selection system/method for breeding stock replacement in livestock enterprises across Wisconsin?

independent culling

Rank the following selection systems based on the best, better and good selection systems

selection index, independent culling & tandem selection

Swine breeders advise swine producers to select replacement stock (boars or gilts) from mostly large litters farrowed. As a student of animal genetics, you would advise a producer to select a boar or gilt farrowed from a large litter of 13 pigs farrowed on their farm within which we have one cryptorchip in the litter. True or False

False

In livestock selection, breeders often advise producers not to spend more selection efforts on livestock traits that are largely influenced by heredity. True or False

False

Genetic variation in animals forms the basis for livestock selection. True or False

True

Mating systems are identified primarily by the genetic relationship between the animals being mated. True or False

True

Which of the following trait(s) in animal genetic terms would be considered as a carcass or carcass trait(s):

backfat thickness

In order to optimize genetic improvement in a livestock herd animal breeders have to utilize several techniques in livestock selection. The following statement(s) is/are true about livestock selection:

selection allows breeders to preserve genetic superiority, breeders use selection techniques that allow them to address the genetic improvement need of individual producers, selection allows certain animals to become parents of the next offspring (Only statements A, B, & D above are correct)

The increase in performance in the crossbred progeny over the average of their parents is often referred to as:

breed complementation

Some of the following are selection systems used in animal production. Which selection criteria did we discuss in class as being the most accurate selection system.

selection index

The mating of animals that are more closely related than the average of the breed or population is known as:

inbreeding

Which of the following selection systems/methods listed below would be considered the most used selection system/method for breeding stock replacement in livestock enterprises across Wisconsin?

independent culling

During the tour of the Dairy Enterprise at the Pioneer Farm, your instructor or Cory the Dairy Enterprise Manager indicated that the rolling average milk production per cow per year in the milking her was _____lb.

26,000lb

The mating of animals that are of the same established breed but not closely rated than the average of the breed or population is known as:

outbreeding

During the tour of the Swine Center at the Pioneer Farm, your instructor indicated that the environment in one of the many distinct swine rooms was the most difficult one to manage; which one of the following rooms was the one he was referring to?

farrowing & lactation room

During the tour of the Dairy Enterprise at the Pioneer Farm, your instructor or Cory the Dairy Enterprise Manager indicated that the new dairy facility was designed to house approximately ______ number of cows in the milking herd.

200 cows

Which of the following statement(s) is/are accurate about the first milk that is produced by a lactating dairy cow at the Pioneer Dairy Farm?

milk is referred to as colostrum, milk contains antibodies that are helpful to the young calves (A &C above)

In livestock selection, breeders often advise producers to spend more selection efforts on livestock traits that are largely influenced by heredity. True or False

True

In livestock selection, breeders often advise producers not to spend more selection efforts on livestock traits that are largely influenced by heredity. True or False

False

Swine breeders advise swine producers to select replacement stock (boars or gilts) from mostly large litters farrowed. As a student of animal genetics, you would advise a producer to select a boar or gilt farrowed in a large litter of 13 pigs farrowed on their farm from which one of the piglets in that litter has umbilical hernia. True or False

False

The gene for Polled is dominant [P] and gene for horned is recessive (p). If a sire with the genotype PP is mated to a dam with the genotype Pp, the genotypic offspring resulting from this mating will be:

50% homozygous polled and 50% heterozygous polled

What is the single largest cost of pork production as discussed in class by your animal science instructor?

feed cost

Which of the following is(are) trait(s) of economic importance in pork production?

rate of lean gain & efficiency of lean gain

The mating of animals that are closely related than the average of the breed population is known as:

inbreeding

Which of the following selection systems/methods listed below would be considered the least used selection system/method for breeding stock replacement in livestock enterprises across Wisconsin?

tandem selection