paper 1 practice

Q3 - 1st paragraph topic sentence

both states talk about the challenges to Westphalian sovereignty. 

1 source C

Source C indicates how “box of national state” is an outdated concept as currently division and internationalist shift the world away form the traditional from of sovereignty showing need for adaptation. 

This means that across border identities and alliances challenge the state role.

1 source D

Source D - covid 19 "reconfiguring transnational (infra)structures" and disrupting global connections- revealed how interconnected our world is despite national borders 

2n topic sentence

Both texts state that political issues often cannot be rosolved by single sovereign state, underlining the importance of pooled sovereignty in dealing with challenges. 

2nd source d

Source D argues that transnationalism is fragile, highlighting how the world global system doesn’t have a government and has to rely on independent states for solutions, which is challenging, considering each state has different internal policies. 

2nd source c

Similarly, text C quotes Amartya Sen who advocates for "diversity of citizenship and loyalties". This suggests that in the interdependent and divided world, single state sovereignty is not efficient, as it doesn’t take into account the multiple identities populations.

3rd topic

However, source C talks bout the geographical challnages to Sovereignty while text D argues that tranational issues threaten sovereignty.

3rd source d

As stated in source D, during covid 19 countries were interconnected due to globalisation. So when pandemic occurred, the borders were not able to protect the states from being affected by the disease which shows that no county can fully act alone, because during transnational issues, the national authority is overridden by global systems, leading to a "retrenchment of 'transnationalism from above'".

3rd source c

 Meanwhile, source C mentions Scotlands demand to be an independent state, noting the 2014 referendum where 1,617,989 Scots voted for independence against 2,001,926. It also points out that there are "at least 40 would-be Scotlands" seeking some form of separation in Europe, showing how internal geographic challenges continue to threaten the territorial authority of existing nation-states.