Unit 8.4 - Acid-Base Reactions and Buffers - Part I

What is titration?

A laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a solution by adding a titrant to a known volume of analyte until the reaction reaches the equivalence point.

What is the role of the titrant in a titration?

The titrant is the solution of known concentration that is added to the analyte to reach the equivalence point.

Define equivalence point in the context of acid-base reactions.

The equivalence point is the stage in a titration where the number of moles of acid equals the number of moles of base.

How is the equivalence point simplified in acid-base reactions?

In acid-base reactions, the equivalence point can be viewed as the point at which the moles of acid equal the moles of base due to their one-to-one stoichiometric ratio.

What is a NEWMAN problem?

A type of problem in titration calculations that does not include water as a reactant and focuses on neutralization reactions, using moles instead of molarity.

What does the term 'neutralization' refer to?

A reaction between an acid and a base which produces water and a salt.

What is the pH at the equivalence point of a strong acid and a strong base titration?

The pH at the equivalence point is typically 7.

What happens to the pH after reaching the equivalence point in a titration?

After reaching the equivalence point, any additional base will increase the pH above 7, indicating a basic solution.

What does a limiting reactant mean in a titration context?

The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed in the reaction, determining the extent of the reaction.

How do you calculate the concentration of H+ ions from millimoles and volume?

To find the molarity of H+, divide the number of millimoles of H+ by the total volume in milliliters.

What is the mnemonic for acid-base problems referred to in the lecture?

WOMEX for water-inclusive problems and NEWMAN for neutralization problems.

If a strong acid and a strong base are mixed in a titration, what type of reaction occurs?

A neutralization reaction where H+ ions from the acid react with OH- ions from the base to form water.

What is the result of adding 80 mL of base to an equivalence point situation in terms of pH?

After adding 80 mL of base when reaching the equivalence point, the pH remains about 7 since all acid and base have completely reacted.

When would you expect the pH to increase rapidly during a titration?

The pH increases rapidly as you approach the equivalence point due to the small amounts of titrant causing large changes in pH.

What is the significance of the halfway point in a titration?

The halfway point is when half of the analyte has been neutralized, indicating that half the moles of acid are equal to half the moles of base.