Teas7 Heredity/DNA/Genes

genetics is law *inserts mog music funk and green aura*

What is Heredity

The passing of a physical or mental characteristic from one generation to another

What 3 components make up DNA

Phosphate group, Deoxyribose (a sugar), and a Nitrogenous base

What are the 4 bases in DNA

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.

What does A(Adenine) bond to

Thymine

What does T (Thymine) bond to

Adenine

What does C (Cytosine) bond to

Guanine

What does G (Guanine) bond to

Cytosine

What are Genes

Segments of DNA

What are the function of Genes

Regulate your body functions

What are Regulatory Genes

segments of DNA that control the expression of other genes

What are Structural Genes

structural genes directly build the physical components of an organism

What makes up DNA

Genes

What makes up chromosomes

DNA tightly wound around protein

In RNA what does A (Adenine) bind to

Uracil

In RNA what does U (Uracil) bind to

Adenine

Where is RNA found

Inside and Outside the nucleus

How does RNA differ from DNA in looks

RNA is single stranded

What is mRNA (messenger RNA)

Smaller RNA

What is the function of mRNA

Carries copied instructions from DNA to outside of the nucleus to the Ribosomes

What is the function of rRNA (ribosome RNA)

Transcribes mRNA and creates proteins (protein synthesis)

What is the function of tRNA (transfer RNA)

acts as a translator carrying the correct amino acid to the ribosome based on the genetic instructions found in mRNA

What is Transcription

Making an mRNA copy of a genes DNA sequence

What is Translation

Translates sequence of mRNA to amino acids during protein synthesis

What is crucial for the transcription process of eukaryotic cells

RNA polyamerase

What does mRNA do during protein synthesis

it serves as a template for assembling amino acids into proteins

What is an Allele

one of two or more alternate forms of a gene that arise from mutation

What does the Upper case letter mean

The gene is dominant

What does this Lower case letter mean

The gene is recessive

What happens if there is a dominant trait and a recessive trait

the recessive trait will not be shown because of the dominant one

What is a Homozygous genotype

two of the same genes (either 2 dominant or 2 recessive)

What is a Heterozygous genotype

2 different genotypes (1 dominant and 1 recessive )

What is a phenotype

Observable characteristic produced by interaction of genotype (hair, eye color)

What is incomplete dominance

Both alleles of a gene are partially expressed

What is Co dominance

Both alleles expressed differently

What is a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern

the presences of more than simple dominance or recessiveness

What is Independent Assortment

random distribution of chromosomes and their alleles into gametes (sperm or egg) during meiosis