Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Deinstitutionalization Movement

________: to transfer the primary focus of treatment from the hospital to the community.

Unconditional Positive Regard

________: is communicated when the therapist shows that he or she genuinely cares about and accepts the client, without judgment or evaluation.

Competence

________- Focused Prevention: designed to increase personal resources and coping skills.

Empathy

________: the willingness and ability to view the world through the clients eyes, is a second vital factor.

Common Factors

________: characteristics shared by these diverse forms of therapy that might contribute to their success.

Interpretation

________: any statement by the therapist that is intended to provide the client with insight into his or her behavior or dynamics.

Dodo Bird Verdict

________: finding of similar efficacy for widely differing therapies has been termed.

Self Relatedness

________: refers to their ability to experience and understand internal states such as thoughts and emotions, to be attuned to the processes that go on in their relationships with their therapists, and to apply what they learn in therapy to their lives outside of treatment.

Free Association

________: clients verbally report without censorship any thoughts, feelings, or images that enter their awareness.

Effect Size

________: tells researchers what percentage of clients who received therapy had a more favorable outcome than that of the average control client who did not receive the treatment.

new response

Counterconditioning: in which a(n) ________ that is incompatible with anxiety is conditioned to the anxiety- arousing CS.

Genuineness

________: refers to consistency between the way the therapist feels and the way he or she behaves.

Insight

________: the conscious awareness of the psychodynamics that underlies their problems.

Meta Analysis

________: allows researchers to combine the statistical results of many studies to arrive at an overall conclusion.

Systematic Desensitization

________: a learning- based treatment for anxiety disorders.

Resistance

________: defensive maneuvers that hinder the process of therapy.

Psychosurgery

________: refers to surgical procedures that remove or destroy brain tissue in an attempt to change disordered behavior.

Mindfulness

________: is a mental state of awareness, focus, openness, and acceptance of immediate experience.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

________ (DBT): is a treatment developed specifically for the treatment of borderline personality disorder.

Stimulus Hierarchy

________: of 10 to 20 scenes arranged in roughly equal steps from low- anxiety scenes to high- anxiety ones.

Response Prevention

________: to keep the operant avoidance response from occurring.

Situation

________- Focused Prevention: directed at either reducing or eliminating the environmental causes of behavior disorders or enhancing situational factors that help prevent the development of disorders.

Competent Therapists

Culturally ________: are able to use knowledge about the clients culture to achieve a broad understanding of the client.

Feminist Therapy

________: focuses on womens issues and strives to help women achieve greater personal freedom and self- determination.

Behavior Modification

________: refers to treatment techniques that apply operant conditioning procedures in an attempt to increase or decrease a specific behavior.

Interpersonal Therapy

________: focuses almost exclusively on clients current relationships with important people in their lives.

Placebo Control Group

________: that gets an intervention that is not expected to work.

Virtual Reality

________ (VR): involves the use of computer technology to create highly realistic virtual environments that simulate actual experience so vividly that they evoke many of the same reactions that a comparable real- world environment would.

Cultural Congruence

________: treatment that is consistent with cultural beliefs and expectations.

response prevention

Exposure: to the feared CS in the absence of the UCS while using ________.

Insight

the conscious awareness of the psychodynamics that underlies their problems

Free Association

  clients verbally report without censorship any thoughts, feelings, or images that enter their awareness

Resistance

defensive maneuvers that hinder the process of therapy

Interpretation

any statement by the therapist that is intended to provide the client with insight into his or her behavior or dynamics

Interpersonal Therapy

focuses almost exclusively on clients current relationships with important people in their lives

Unconditional Positive Regard

  is communicated when the therapist shows that he or she genuinely cares about and accepts the client, without judgment or evaluation

Empathy

the willingness and ability to view the world through the clients eyes, is a second vital factor

Genuineness

  refers to consistency between the way the therapist feels and the way he or she behaves

Exposure

to the feared CS in the absence of the UCS while using response prevention

Response Prevention

  to keep the operant avoidance response from occurring

Virtual Reality (VR)

involves the use of computer technology to create highly realistic virtual environments that simulate actual experience so vividly that they evoke many of the same reactions that a comparable real-world environment would

Systematic Desensitization

  a learning-based treatment for anxiety disorders

Counterconditioning

  in which a new response that is incompatible with anxiety is conditioned to the anxiety-arousing CS

Stimulus Hierarchy

of 10 to 20 scenes arranged in roughly equal steps from low-anxiety scenes to high-anxiety ones

Aversion Therapy

the therapist pairs a stimulus that is attractive to the client (the CS) with a noxious UCS in an attempt to condition an aversion to the CS

Behavior Modification

refers to treatment techniques that apply operant conditioning procedures in an attempt to increase or decrease a specific behavior

Mindfulness

is a mental state of awareness, focus, openness, and acceptance of immediate experience

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

focuses on the process of mindfulness as a vehicle for change

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

  is a treatment developed specifically for the treatment of borderline personality disorder

Cultural Congruence

treatment that is consistent with cultural beliefs and expectations

Culturally Competent Therapists

are able to use knowledge about the clients culture to achieve a broad understanding of the client

Feminist Therapy

focuses on womens issues and strives to help women achieve greater personal freedom and self-determination

Tardive Dyskinesia

  a severe movement disorder

Psychosurgery

refers to surgical procedures that remove or destroy brain tissue in an attempt to change disordered behavior

Specificity Question

Which types of therapy administered by which kinds of therapists to which kinds of clients having which kinds of problems produce which kinds of effects

Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)

  in which clients are randomly assigned to treatment or control conditions, and the treatment and control groups are compared on outcome measures

Placebo Control Group

that gets an intervention that is not expected to work

Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs)

treatments that had been demonstrated in several independent studies to be efficacious for treating specific disorders

Meta-Analysis

allows researchers to combine the statistical results of many studies to arrive at an overall conclusion

Effect Size

  tells researchers what percentage of clients who received therapy had a more favorable outcome than that of the average control client who did not receive the treatment

Dodo Bird Verdict

finding of similar efficacy for widely differing therapies has been termed

Openness

  involves clients general willingness to invest themselves in therapy and take the risks required to change themselves

Self-Relatedness

  refers to their ability to experience and understand internal states such as thoughts and emotions, to be attuned to the processes that go on in their relationships with their therapists, and to apply what they learn in therapy to their lives outside of treatment

Common Factors

characteristics shared by these diverse forms of therapy that might contribute to their success

Deinstitutionalization Movement

to transfer the primary focus of treatment from the hospital to the community

Situation-Focused Prevention

directed at either reducing or eliminating the environmental causes of behavior disorders or enhancing situational factors that help prevent the development of disorders

Competence-Focused Prevention

designed to increase personal resources and coping skills