Restorative Art II exam 2

- decedent's body

- wigs, toupees, hairpieces, extensions, etc. (artificial hair)

- barber shops and salons

- cosmetic brushes

sources which may be used to acquire hair:

- restore the hair

- use an artificial covering (scarf, hat, or wig)

when the entirety of head hair is missing, two options exist:

adhesives; wax

hair can be attached with ________________ or embedded in a small layer of ________

most inferior

regardless of method, hair should be applied first to the _________ ____________ area of the restoration

crown

when restoring the entire head of hair, start at the edges and work toward the __________

before

hair should be the correct texture and color ____________ application, however hair can be trimmed to length and lightly styled, if needed after being applied

cilia

located on both the superior and inferior palpebrae; tend to be thicker than head hair; grow in small, uneven clusters (sometimes forming inverted triangles)

- use false eyelashes if cilia are missing/destroyed

- create with hair from deceased head (may be difficult to match exactly)

- excise unattached margin of the palpebra containing cilia and reattached with reconstructed wax palpebra

cilia restoration options:

supercilia

- located on the supraorbital margins

- generally, female eyebrows are situated more superiorly

- male eyebrows are thicker, bushier, and less defined

head, body, and tail

the supercilia consists of three parts:

head

the _______ of the supercilia has the densest concentration of hair

tail

the ______ of the supercilia is said to point to the ear passage

- eyebrow pencil or small tuft of hair (small area/part)

- apply hair on thin film of flesh colored wax (whole eyebrow)

supercilia restoration options:

lateral and slightly superior

normal direction of growth for the supercilia:

- mustache

- goatee

- beard

three main types of facial hair:

- hair color

- hair texture

- direction of growth

the key aspects for any hair restoration:

- applying a small layer of wax just larger than the mustache

- small clusters of hair are added one at a time

- each layer should slightly overlap the one that preceded it

- start laterally and work medially

mustache restoration includes:

- non-view areas (left side of face)

- under side of the beard

decedents with larger bearded areas may provide the hair for their own restorations:

red

associated with energy, war, danger, strength, power, determination as well as passion, desire, and love

orange

associated with joy, sunshine, and the tropic; it represents enthusiasm, success, fascination, happiness, creativity, determination, attraction, encouragement, and stimulation

yellow

associated with joy, happiness, intellect, and energy

green

symbolizes growth, harmony, freshness, and fertility; dark green is also commonly associated with money

blue

often associated with depth and stability.; it symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven

purple

symbolizes power, nobility, luxury, and ambition; conveys wealth and extravagance; associated with wisdom, dignity, independence, creativity, mystery, and magic

white

associated with light, goodness, innocence, purity, and virginity; is considered to be the color of perfection

black

associated with power, elegance, formality, death, evil, and mystery

color

a response to light of specific wave lengths of radiant energy which strike the retina

rays of light

the source of all color:

• Red

• Orange•

Yellow

• Green

• Blue

• Indigo

• Violet

colors of the visible spectrum:

white light

natural light rays start as a beam _________ _________

dispersion

beams of white light are broken down into the colors of the spectrum through the process of ________________

reflection

the return of light waves from surfaces

absorption

the process of taking in, as in a colored object which absorbs certain rays of light and reflects other rays giving the object its recognizable color

• Red

• Green

• Blue

primary light colors:

• Cyan

• Magenta

• Yellow

secondary light colors:

white

combine all primary lights =

additive process

mixing beams of colored light (used in theatre/stage lighting and screens)

subtractive process

superimposing two or more color transparencies over the same light source (used in painted/colored objects and dyed clothing/textiles)

light

mixing ________ is an additive process

pigment

mixing ____________ is a subtractive process

pigments

substances that can be ground into fine powder and used for adding color to dyes and paints; originally derived from animal, mineral, and vegetable sources

subtractive

Pigment Theory is considered a _________________ method of creating color

color wheel

a circle in which the primary, secondary, and intermediate hues are arranged in orderly intervals

Prang System

the color wheel is based on the standard color theory known as the

• Red

• Blue

• Yellow

primary pigment colors:

• Green

• Orange

• Purple

secondary pigment colors:

black

combine all primary colors:

intermediate colors (6)

combination of 2 pigment colors (primary and secondary), named by the primary first and separated by a hyphen

• Yellow-green

• Blue-green

• Blue-violet

• Red-violet

• Red-orange

• Yellow-orange

all the intermediate colors (6):

complimentary colors

directly opposite on the color wheel; any two pigmentary colors which, by their mixture in equal quantities, produces gray

hue

the property by which a color is distinguished from other colors

value

the lightness or darkness of a hue

chroma (intensity)

brightness or dullness of a color

warm hue

characterized by long wave-lengths, makes an object appear closer and larger, reflects warmth (i.e. red, orange, yellow, and other colors in which they are predominate)

cool hue

creates the illusion of distance from the observer, short wave lengths (i.e. blue, green, purple, or any intermediate pigmentary hue in which they predominate)

- tinting

- shading

changing a color's value:

- toning

changing a color's intensity:

tint

progressive additions of white will produce a ________ of that hue

shade

progressive additions of black will produce a ___________ of that hue

toning (low intensity)

progressive additions of gray (or complement) will due a hue

contrast non-complimentary colors

color scheme of contrasting but non-complementary hues; these can be pleasant, although not as vivid as complements

monochromatic

variations of one hue; tints, tones, and shades of one hue

analogous

in color harmony, two or more hues which have the same hue in common

saturation

a visual aspect indicating the vividness of the hue in the degree of difference from a gray of the same lightness

tertiary hue

the hue that results from the mixture of two secondary pigmentary hues or an unbalanced proportion of compliments with the warm hue or cool hue predominating

chromatic color

a color having hue; a color of the visible spectrum

achromatic color

a color not found in the visible spectrum; a neutral color such as white, black, gray, and silver and gold (for decorative purposes)

juxtaposition

any two colors seen together that modify each other in the direction of their compliments; viewed simultaneously and influence each other

cosmetology

the study of beautifying and improving the complexion, skin, hair, and the nails of the living

mortuary cosmetology

the study of the materials and techniques of applying colorants to simulate a natural appearance for the deceased

to simulate a natural appearance of the deceased

the goal of mortuary cosmetology:

• Replacing the color lost in death and disease

• Replacing any color lost through embalming

• Compensating for the effect of lighting

• Presenting a well-groomed appearance

• Creating a memory picture for the family and friends

• Accenting or de-emphasizing parts of the face if needed

• Concealing discolorations

• Presentation without the appearance of artificiality

desired results of mortuary cosmetology:

internal coloring

active dyes used during arterial injection, coloring the tissue from within

external coloring

using cosmetics to externally add color to the deceased; artificially recreating the complexion created by the three pigments of the skin

melanin

brown to brown-black pigment of the skin and hair; the determinative pigment of all races

- freckles

- tanning

- albinism

- vitiligo

- age/liver spots

melanin is responsible for many variation and characteristics of the skin:

carotene

the yellowish pigment of the skin; not a dominant pigment of the skin; similar to the color of adipose tissue

hemoglobin

red pigment in the skin; NOT a true skin pigment, but it influences the appearance of skin because of its presence in superficial capillaries of skin

hemoglobin

the iron-containing protein in the blood; giving blood its red color

• Ruddy

• Florid

• Swarthy

• Sallow

terms of complexion:

- loss of moisture

- loss of natural skin oils

- being at room temperature versus being warm

mortuary cosmetics are created for specific conditions associated with the deceased:

- red

- yellow

- brown

- white

all cosmetics will in some way utilize the four colors necessary to reproduce the color of human skin:

- cream

- liquid

- powder

three main varieties of mortuary cosmetics:

cream cosmetics

• Cosmetics with a semi-solid physical state

• They have a vehicle which does NOT evaporate

• The greatest problem with these is that of over-application; hence the common complaint of looking "caked on."

• A small amount should be worked into the skin covering a large area - Use sparingly

liquid cosmetics

• Those which "flow" and are not solid

• Most have evaporating vehicles

• Often referred to as "tint."

• Solutions

• Lotions

• Paints

• Colloids

• Suspensions

liquid cosmetics include:

powder cosmetics

• Those which are solid and composed of extremely fine particles which may be loose or compressed

• The pigments are usually ground with talcum, chalk, zinc oxide, ortitanium oxide

• Used to dry and set cosmetics (reducing the sheen)

transparent

having the property of transmitting rays of lightthrough its substance so that bodies situated beyond or behind can be distinctly seen

translucent

transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to eliminate perception of distinct images; somewhat transparent

opaque

not transparent or translucent; not allowing light to pass through a concealing cosmetic

• Forehead

• Cheeks

• Tip & wings of the nose

• Mucous membranes

• Chin

• Ears

• Knuckles of the fingers

• Fingernails/cuticle

recreate the warm color areas:

powder

as a final step, apply ______________ to set and dry the cosmetics and to reduce sheen

liquid

when dealing with discolorations avoid _____________ cosmetics because their translucent or transparent appearance will allow the discolorations to remain visible

opaque

when dealing with discolorations _____________ cosmetics are recommended

funeral lighting

the quality and quantity of illumination used for presentation of casketed remains

white light

a ray of light which contains all the hues of the visible spectrum, in such proportion that the light appears colorless or "natural"; as daylight or sunlight

colored light

illumination of an identifiable hue

white light

- created by fluorescent lights and the sun

- voids color and cosmetics

- ideal for the prep room

colored light

- created by incandescent light

- enhances cosmetics and color

- ideal for any viewing spaces

cosmetic lights

- often directional and adjustable

- red/pink and blue lights are most common

- enhance the appearance of the deceased and floral arrangements