Cell Bio final review (with all the practice tests)

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in an atom, the particle that is electronically neatual is the

neutron

in the atom the particle that is positive is the

proton

if a substance consists of only one kind of atom, it is an

element

a covalent bond is formed by

sharing electrons

iconic bonds are formed by

transfering or moving electrons

hydrogen bonds

sharing electrons

When ice melts, it changes to the _______.

liquid phase

Almost all known enzymes are _______.

proteins

Two molecules of glucose combine to form maltose by ______ _________

Dehydration synthesis

isotopes of an element contain diffrent numbers of _____.

neutrons

waxy or oily organic componds are ______.

lipids

When should you infrom the teacher of an accident, spill, or injury?

immediantly after it happens

The suffix -logy means

study of

Living things produce new organisms of the same type by _____.

reproduction

The metric system is based on or scaled on powers of

10

chemical reactions in an organism that build, or synthesize, complex molecules from less complex molecules are called…

anabolism

in the terms of the scientific method, the purpose of an experiement is to

test a hypothesis

a light microscope can clearly magnify an image 400x (T/F)

True

one cell from each of two diffrent individuals units to produce the first cell of a new organism by

sexual reproduction

An organism maintains the stable conditions nessessary for life by

homeostasis

The nucleus of an atom contains

protons and neutrons

an atom with an atomic number of 8 has

8 protons

Prontiens ulike carbohydrates contain

nitrogen

Proteins are build with

amino acids

Saccarides are used to build

carbohydrates

Fatty acids are used to build

lipids

Fats are ____ at room temp

solid

Fatty acids connected to a glycerol molecule are called

triglyceride

What does it mean to denature a protein? give an example.

when the bonding of a protein unravels, cooking meat

Name the steroid that is an important part of the cell but can be bad if we have too much of it in our diet.

cholesterol

What is the diffrence between organic and inorganic compounds?

organic has carbon inorganic does not

Name twoo of the three parts that make up nucleotides

phospate, nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugar

Name the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and how they pair up

ATCG, AT, CG

List the chemical symbols of the top 8 elements in the human body

SP2ONC2H: sulfur, phosphours, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, calcium and hydrogen

A cell that has a hypertonic salt solution will

loose salt

The basic unit of structure and function in living things is the

cell

which is an example of active transport?

endocytosis

the nucleolus is made up of

proteins and RNA

if you observe several cells with a nuclei uner the microscope, you are probably observing cells that are

eukaryotic

Two organelles that are common to plants and not to animal cells are

cell wall, and chlloroplasts

Prokaryotic cells are

small, have no true nuclus,

Passive transport includes

diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion

if a solution becomes isotonic which way would the substances in it move?

both ways equally

the proces by which molecules of a substance move from aereas of low concentraton to areas of higher concentration are called

active transport

What is the purpose of the carbohydrates in the cell membrane

thy act as identification carbohydrates

The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summerized by saying

plants and animals are made of cells

Robert brown discovered the

nucleus

proteins are modifided by special enzyms is the

rough ER

the most common organele that makes proteins is the

ribosomes

the organelle that is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it converts energy into its usable form is the

mitochondria

The sorting and packing area for proteins in the cells is the

golgi body

These organeles aid in the digestion of other organelles

lysosome

Types of fermentation in anaerobic respieration

alchoholic and lactic acid

What is produced in the dark reaction

PGAL

What is not produced in light reactions

glucose

In the light reaction what is created

ATP and NADPH

How many ATPs are made in latic acid fermentation?

2

What is another name for the dark reactions in photosynthesis

Calvin cycle

What is the last stage in aerobic respiration?

electrron transport chain

What goes into the dark reactions

NADPH w/electrons

what is the formula for glucose

C6H12O6

an expirement that showed that part of growing plants mass comes from water was preformed by

Van Helmont

leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll

reflects green light

What does our body make during anaerobic respieration

lactic acid

the dark reactions occour in the

stroma

What is the net amount of ATP made in Glycolysis

2 (atp glyco)

The electron transport chain occours in what organele?

mitochondria

What is resperiation with oxygen called ?

Arobic

What part of the chloroplast do the light reactions take place?

thylokoid/granum

Centriole

used to pull the cell apart during reproduction

chloroplast

contains pigmints for photosynthesis

cell wall

gives plants structure

cytoplasm

is located between the nucleus and cell membrane

mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell

nucleus

holds the DNA and information for the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

modifies proteins around the clel

the empty spacei in the chloroplast is called the

stroma

The entire thing of diisks inside a chloroplast is called __ __and one singular one is called__ __.

granum, thylakoid

a chromatid is

one of the two identical parts that make up a chromosome

interphase is

a time of cell growth and development

cytokinesis is

diffrent in animal and plant cells

DNA encodes

the information needed for making proteins within the cell

hydrogen bonds are found

between nucleotide chains

complementary base pairing is important for

DNA replication, RNA trnscription, RNA translation

After DNA replication the two DNA molecules that are made are

identical

The order in which speficic amino acids bond to messenger RNA is initally detirmed by the

base pairing of DNA

Who figured out the molecular structure of DNA

watson and crick

Cytosine and thymine are only in

DNA

DNA does not have

ribose sugar and nitrogen base U

tRNA carries

amino acids

the backbone of a chian of nucleotides consist of

sugar and phosphate groups

Each combination of three nitrogenous bases on messenger RNA forms a

codon

Before a cell divids it must duplicate its DNA in which period of interphase

S

The process by which genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called

transcription

In most cases living thing grows because it produces

more cells

When DNA is tangled and uncoiled it is called what?

Chromatin

Which type of cell makes a cell plate

plant cells only

when chromosomes line up in the middle it is in which stage

metaphase

T/F interphase is a part of mitosis

false

List four difrrences between DNA and RNA

sugars, single strand vr doublee strand, U replaces T