Cell Bio final review (with all the practice tests)

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145 Terms

1
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in an atom, the particle that is electronically neatual is the

neutron

2
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in the atom the particle that is positive is the

proton

3
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if a substance consists of only one kind of atom, it is an

element

4
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a covalent bond is formed by

sharing electrons

5
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iconic bonds are formed by

transfering or moving electrons

6
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hydrogen bonds

sharing electrons

7
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When ice melts, it changes to the _.

liquid phase

8
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Almost all known enzymes are _.

proteins

9
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Two molecules of glucose combine to form maltose by ___

Dehydration synthesis

10
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isotopes of an element contain diffrent numbers of _.

neutrons

11
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waxy or oily organic componds are .

lipids

12
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When should you infrom the teacher of an accident, spill, or injury?

immediantly after it happens

13
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The suffix -logy means

study of

14
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Living things produce new organisms of the same type by _.

reproduction

15
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The metric system is based on or scaled on powers of

10

16
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chemical reactions in an organism that build, or synthesize, complex molecules from less complex molecules are called…

anabolism

17
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in the terms of the scientific method, the purpose of an experiement is to

test a hypothesis

18
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a light microscope can clearly magnify an image 400x (T/F)

True

19
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one cell from each of two diffrent individuals units to produce the first cell of a new organism by

sexual reproduction

20
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An organism maintains the stable conditions nessessary for life by

homeostasis

21
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The nucleus of an atom contains

protons and neutrons

22
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an atom with an atomic number of 8 has

8 protons

23
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Prontiens ulike carbohydrates contain

nitrogen

24
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Proteins are build with

amino acids

25
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Saccarides are used to build

carbohydrates

26
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Fatty acids are used to build

lipids

27
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Fats are ____ at room temp

solid

28
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Fatty acids connected to a glycerol molecule are called

triglyceride

29
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What does it mean to denature a protein? give an example.

when the bonding of a protein unravels, cooking meat

30
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Name the steroid that is an important part of the cell but can be bad if we have too much of it in our diet.

cholesterol

31
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What is the diffrence between organic and inorganic compounds?

organic has carbon inorganic does not

32
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Name twoo of the three parts that make up nucleotides

phospate, nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugar

33
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Name the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and how they pair up

ATCG, AT, CG

34
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List the chemical symbols of the top 8 elements in the human body

SP2ONC2H: sulfur, phosphours, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, calcium and hydrogen

35
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A cell that has a hypertonic salt solution will

loose salt

36
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The basic unit of structure and function in living things is the

cell

37
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which is an example of active transport?

endocytosis

38
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the nucleolus is made up of

proteins and RNA

39
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if you observe several cells with a nuclei uner the microscope, you are probably observing cells that are

eukaryotic

40
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Two organelles that are common to plants and not to animal cells are

cell wall, and chlloroplasts

41
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Prokaryotic cells are

small, have no true nuclus,

42
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Passive transport includes

diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion

43
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if a solution becomes isotonic which way would the substances in it move?

both ways equally

44
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the proces by which molecules of a substance move from aereas of low concentraton to areas of higher concentration are called

active transport

45
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What is the purpose of the carbohydrates in the cell membrane

thy act as identification carbohydrates

46
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The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summerized by saying

plants and animals are made of cells

47
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Robert brown discovered the

nucleus

48
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proteins are modifided by special enzyms is the

rough ER

49
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the most common organele that makes proteins is the

ribosomes

50
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the organelle that is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it converts energy into its usable form is the

mitochondria

51
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The sorting and packing area for proteins in the cells is the

golgi body

52
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These organeles aid in the digestion of other organelles

lysosome

53
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Types of fermentation in anaerobic respieration

alchoholic and lactic acid

54
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What is produced in the dark reaction

PGAL

55
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What is not produced in light reactions

glucose

56
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In the light reaction what is created

ATP and NADPH

57
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How many ATPs are made in latic acid fermentation?

2

58
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What is another name for the dark reactions in photosynthesis

Calvin cycle

59
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What is the last stage in aerobic respiration?

electrron transport chain

60
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What goes into the dark reactions

NADPH w/electrons

61
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what is the formula for glucose

C6H12O6

62
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an expirement that showed that part of growing plants mass comes from water was preformed by

Van Helmont

63
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leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll

reflects green light

64
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What does our body make during anaerobic respieration

lactic acid

65
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the dark reactions occour in the

stroma

66
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What is the net amount of ATP made in Glycolysis

2 (atp glyco)

67
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The electron transport chain occours in what organele?

mitochondria

68
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What is resperiation with oxygen called ?

Arobic

69
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What part of the chloroplast do the light reactions take place?

thylokoid/granum

70
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Centriole

used to pull the cell apart during reproduction

71
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chloroplast

contains pigmints for photosynthesis

72
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cell wall

gives plants structure

73
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cytoplasm

is located between the nucleus and cell membrane

74
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mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell

75
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nucleus

holds the DNA and information for the cell

76
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endoplasmic reticulum

modifies proteins around the clel

77
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the empty spacei in the chloroplast is called the

stroma

78
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The entire thing of diisks inside a chloroplast is called __ and one singular one is called __.

granum, thylakoid

79
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a chromatid is

one of the two identical parts that make up a chromosome

80
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interphase is

a time of cell growth and development

81
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cytokinesis is

diffrent in animal and plant cells

82
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DNA encodes

the information needed for making proteins within the cell

83
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hydrogen bonds are found

between nucleotide chains

84
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complementary base pairing is important for

DNA replication, RNA trnscription, RNA translation

85
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After DNA replication the two DNA molecules that are made are

identical

86
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The order in which speficic amino acids bond to messenger RNA is initally detirmed by the

base pairing of DNA

87
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Who figured out the molecular structure of DNA

watson and crick

88
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Cytosine and thymine are only in

DNA

89
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DNA does not have

ribose sugar and nitrogen base U

90
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tRNA carries

amino acids

91
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the backbone of a chian of nucleotides consist of

sugar and phosphate groups

92
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Each combination of three nitrogenous bases on messenger RNA forms a

codon

93
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Before a cell divids it must duplicate its DNA in which period of interphase

S

94
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The process by which genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called

transcription

95
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In most cases living thing grows because it produces

more cells

96
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When DNA is tangled and uncoiled it is called what?

Chromatin

97
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Which type of cell makes a cell plate

plant cells only

98
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when chromosomes line up in the middle it is in which stage

metaphase

99
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T/F interphase is a part of mitosis

false

100
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List four difrrences between DNA and RNA

sugars, single strand vr doublee strand, U replaces T