Cell Bio final review (with all the practice tests)

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145 Terms

1
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in an atom, the particle that is electronically neatual is the
neutron
2
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in the atom the particle that is positive is the
proton
3
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if a substance consists of only one kind of atom, it is an
element
4
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a covalent bond is formed by
sharing electrons
5
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iconic bonds are formed by
transfering or moving electrons
6
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hydrogen bonds
sharing electrons
7
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When ice melts, it changes to the _______.
liquid phase
8
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Almost all known enzymes are _______.
proteins
9
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Two molecules of glucose combine to form maltose by ______ _________
Dehydration synthesis
10
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isotopes of an element contain diffrent numbers of _____.
neutrons
11
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waxy or oily organic componds are ______.
lipids
12
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When should you infrom the teacher of an accident, spill, or injury?
immediantly after it happens
13
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The suffix -logy means
study of
14
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Living things produce new organisms of the same type by _____.
reproduction
15
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The metric system is based on or scaled on powers of
10
16
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chemical reactions in an organism that build, or synthesize, complex molecules from less complex molecules are called…
anabolism
17
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in the terms of the scientific method, the purpose of an experiement is to
test a hypothesis
18
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a light microscope can clearly magnify an image 400x (T/F)
True
19
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one cell from each of two diffrent individuals units to produce the first cell of a new organism by
sexual reproduction
20
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An organism maintains the stable conditions nessessary for life by
homeostasis
21
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The nucleus of an atom contains
protons and neutrons
22
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an atom with an atomic number of 8 has
8 protons
23
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Prontiens ulike carbohydrates contain
nitrogen
24
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Proteins are build with
amino acids
25
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Saccarides are used to build
carbohydrates
26
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Fatty acids are used to build
lipids
27
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Fats are ____ at room temp
solid
28
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Fatty acids connected to a glycerol molecule are called
triglyceride
29
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What does it mean to denature a protein? give an example.
when the bonding of a protein unravels, cooking meat
30
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Name the steroid that is an important part of the cell but can be bad if we have too much of it in our diet.
cholesterol
31
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What is the diffrence between organic and inorganic compounds?
organic has carbon inorganic does not
32
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Name twoo of the three parts that make up nucleotides
phospate, nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugar
33
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Name the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and how they pair up
ATCG, AT, CG
34
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List the chemical symbols of the top 8 elements in the human body
SP2ONC2H: sulfur, phosphours, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, calcium and hydrogen
35
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A cell that has a hypertonic salt solution will
loose salt
36
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The basic unit of structure and function in living things is the
cell
37
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which is an example of active transport?
endocytosis
38
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the nucleolus is made up of
proteins and RNA
39
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if you observe several cells with a nuclei uner the microscope, you are probably observing cells that are
eukaryotic
40
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Two organelles that are common to plants and not to animal cells are
cell wall, and chlloroplasts
41
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Prokaryotic cells are
small, have no true nuclus,
42
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Passive transport includes
diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion
43
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if a solution becomes isotonic which way would the substances in it move?
both ways equally
44
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the proces by which molecules of a substance move from aereas of low concentraton to areas of higher concentration are called
active transport
45
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What is the purpose of the carbohydrates in the cell membrane
thy act as identification carbohydrates
46
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The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summerized by saying
plants and animals are made of cells
47
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Robert brown discovered the
nucleus
48
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proteins are modifided by special enzyms is the
rough ER
49
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the most common organele that makes proteins is the
ribosomes
50
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the organelle that is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it converts energy into its usable form is the
mitochondria
51
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The sorting and packing area for proteins in the cells is the
golgi body
52
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These organeles aid in the digestion of other organelles
lysosome
53
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Types of fermentation in anaerobic respieration
alchoholic and lactic acid
54
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What is produced in the dark reaction
PGAL
55
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What is not produced in light reactions
glucose
56
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In the light reaction what is created
ATP and NADPH
57
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How many ATPs are made in latic acid fermentation?
2
58
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What is another name for the dark reactions in photosynthesis
Calvin cycle
59
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What is the last stage in aerobic respiration?
electrron transport chain
60
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What goes into the dark reactions
NADPH w/electrons
61
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what is the formula for glucose
C6H12O6
62
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an expirement that showed that part of growing plants mass comes from water was preformed by
Van Helmont
63
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leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll
reflects green light
64
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What does our body make during anaerobic respieration
lactic acid
65
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the dark reactions occour in the
stroma
66
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What is the net amount of ATP made in Glycolysis
2 (atp glyco)
67
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The electron transport chain occours in what organele?
mitochondria
68
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What is resperiation with oxygen called ?
Arobic
69
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What part of the chloroplast do the light reactions take place?
thylokoid/granum
70
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Centriole
used to pull the cell apart during reproduction
71
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chloroplast
contains pigmints for photosynthesis
72
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cell wall
gives plants structure
73
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cytoplasm
is located between the nucleus and cell membrane
74
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mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell
75
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nucleus
holds the DNA and information for the cell
76
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endoplasmic reticulum
modifies proteins around the clel
77
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the empty spacei in the chloroplast is called the
stroma
78
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The entire thing of diisks inside a chloroplast is called __ __and one singular one is called__ __.
granum, thylakoid
79
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a chromatid is
one of the two identical parts that make up a chromosome
80
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interphase is
a time of cell growth and development
81
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cytokinesis is
diffrent in animal and plant cells
82
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DNA encodes
the information needed for making proteins within the cell
83
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hydrogen bonds are found
between nucleotide chains
84
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complementary base pairing is important for
DNA replication, RNA trnscription, RNA translation
85
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After DNA replication the two DNA molecules that are made are
identical
86
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The order in which speficic amino acids bond to messenger RNA is initally detirmed by the
base pairing of DNA
87
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Who figured out the molecular structure of DNA
watson and crick
88
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Cytosine and thymine are only in
DNA
89
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DNA does not have
ribose sugar and nitrogen base U
90
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tRNA carries
amino acids
91
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the backbone of a chian of nucleotides consist of
sugar and phosphate groups
92
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Each combination of three nitrogenous bases on messenger RNA forms a
codon
93
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Before a cell divids it must duplicate its DNA in which period of interphase
S
94
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The process by which genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
transcription
95
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In most cases living thing grows because it produces
more cells
96
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When DNA is tangled and uncoiled it is called what?
Chromatin
97
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Which type of cell makes a cell plate
plant cells only
98
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when chromosomes line up in the middle it is in which stage
metaphase
99
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T/F interphase is a part of mitosis
false
100
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List four difrrences between DNA and RNA
sugars, single strand vr doublee strand, U replaces T