The integumentary system

what is the integumentary system

focus on hair, skin and nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve receptors

what are the 3 layers of skin?

epidermis: outer layer and contains papillary layer, stratum comeum, and sweat pore that the hair shaft extends from

dermis: middle layer and contains sebaceous gland, nerves, hair follicle, reticular layer, veins, arteries and pacinian corpuscle

subcutaneous tissue: inner layer composed of adipose tissue

functions of the skin

waterproofing body to prevent water loss, fights against pathogens, controls water content, senses touch, control loss of body heat with hair, synthesizes vitamin d by using the suns UV and screens out harmful radiation, secrete oil for lubrication and inhibit bacterial growth, regulate body temp, protect dorsal surface of fingers and toes

which 2 pigments affect skin color

melanin and carotene

How are skin pigments generated

reactive o2 is made when the skin is exposed to UV, then melanocytes produce excessive melanin and the skin pigments are generated.

what are the 3 stages of hair growth

anagen, catagen and telogen

what are 3 examples of sebaceous gland conditions?

acne vulgaris, seborrhea and seborrheic keratosis

what is acne vulgaris?

chronic inflammatory disease and its caused by overproduction of sebum around root of hair follicle.

pustule eruptions of the skin.

triggered especially by puberty hormones

what is seborrhea? (ceb-bruh-ea)

overactivity of sebaceous glands that leads to excessive sebum.

becomes seborrheic dermatitis when the sebaceous glands become infected

seborrheic keratosis and who is the common demographic?

benign skin growth, waxy in appearance and varies in skin color

elderly

What are 3 examples of nail conditions?

onychia/onychitis, onychocryptosis, and onychomycosis

what is onychia/ onychitis?

inflammation of the nail bed of the finger/toenail where the nail typically falls off

what is onychocryptosis?

ingrown toenail. edges of the nail curve inward and cut into the skin which causes inflammation and usually infection.

what is onychomycosis?

fungal infection of nail. nail often becomes thick and brittle and can turn a variety of colors

what are 5 examples of skin infections?

mycosis, tinea/ringworm, impetigo, gangrene, and parasitic infection

what is mycosis

abnormal condition caused by fungus

what is tinea/ringworm

fungal infection that impacts the hair, skin and nails

impetigo; common demographic

highly contagious bacterial infection that causes pustules to become crusted and then rupture.

common in children

what is gangrene

death of tissue due to loss of circulation

parasitic infection

parasites dwelling on the skin, laying eggs and reproducing

types of surface lesions

crust/scab, macule, nodule, exudate, papula, cyst, pustule, blister and plaque

what is a surface lesion

fluid-filled sacs or pockets in the skin

crust/scab

dried serum and cellular debrief after an injury

dried blood clot that forms over a cut or wound

macule and examples

discolored flat spots on the skin ex: freckles and flat moles

weal

swollen and slightly elevated patches of skin that are usually more red or pale than surrounding skin.

usually itches

nodule

A solid or cystic RAISED bump/lesion on top or within the skin that is LARGER than a papule

exudate

fluid such as pus that leaks out of an infected wound; part of healing process as it is a response to local inflammation

papula

a small solid and elevated lesion thats less than 1 cm in diameter. Can be filled with fluid. Can be palpated.

Imagine a mosquito bite or the inflamed skin after you pop a pimple

cyst

round lumps that typically have fluid such as pus

pustule

small, inflamed and elevated pus-filled bump found on top of the skin surface

blister

bubble of fluid under the skin. When fluid fills space between layers of skin.

hard swollen itchy fast passing element

plaque

elevated, flat, inflamed skin patches that can appear red; greater than 1 cm. they are palpable

what is plaque psoriasis?

patches of elevated, inflamed, flat skin is covered with white scales made of dead skin cells

what are 4 examples of pigmentation conditions?

vitiligo, albinism, acanthosis nigricans, chloasma

what is vitiligo?

destruction of melanocytes causing irregular white patches on the skin

what is chloasma?

common in pregnant women and little discolored brown spots apparent on the face

albinism

genetic. removes pigment from hair skin and irises of the eyes

acanthosis nigricans

areas of skin that develop dark wort like patches

what are 3 hair conditions?

alopecia, folliculitis and hirsutism

alopecia; specific type common in men is called

partial or complete hair loss or baldness; androgenic alopecia can be found in females too

folliculitis and cause

inflammation of hair follicle. common in arms, legs and beards in males

cause: bacteria in poorly chlorinated hot tubs or pools

hirsutism

abnormal growth of body and facial hair in women in a male like pattern

can be a symptom of pcos

contusion

injury to skin w/o breaking skin surface. discoloration is accumualtion of blood within the skin

hematoma

swelling of clotted blood in tissue typically caused by forceful injury to tissue

ecchymosis

aka bruise; purplish due to bleeding under skin

petechia

tiny spots of bleeding under the skin

purpura

when small blood vessels burst and blood is under the skin. purple in color

3 examples of dermatitis

exfoliative dermatitis, dermatitis, eczema

exfoliative dermatitis

widespread scaling of the skin leading to hair loss erythroderma and pruritis (itching)

eczema

persistent and reoccuring dermatitis

dermatitis

inflammation of skin

fissure

groove or crack on skin

ulcer

open lesion causing tissue loss; break in the membrane

pressure sore/ decubitus ulcer

open ulcerated wound caused by prolong pressure on the skin; can cause tissue death

incision

intentional cut through the skin aka surgical wound

laceration

cut; break or opening in the skin that tears soft body tissue

penetrating trauma

injury caused by an object breaking the skin and ENTERING the body

puncture wound

made by pointed object and appears on the surface but may extend into deeper tissue

abrasion

injury that scrapes the skin or rubs its off