APGOPO must know cases flashcards

Marbury v. Madison

Chief justice John Marshall ruled that Marbury had a right to his commission, but the court could not issue the writ of mandamus because the law giving the court that power was unconstitutional.

Established JUDICIAL REVIEW and SUPREMACY OF THE SUPREME COURT

McCulloch v. Maryland

The supreme court ruled that congress has the power of create the bank under the NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE

Maryland cannot tax the federal bank because states cannot interfere with federal institutions due to the SUPREMACY CLAUSE INCREASED POWER OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Engel v Vitale

Held that school-sponsored prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, even if the prayer is non-denominational and voluntary.

Wisconsin v Yoder

Ruled that requiring Amish children to attend school past eighth grade violated the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment.

McDonald v Chicago

Held that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment's incorporation doctrine

Schenck v United States

Upheld limits on free speech, ruling that speech creating a "clear and present danger" is not protected by the First Amendment.

Tinker v Des Moines

Held that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate," as long as their expression does not substantially disrupt learning.

New York Times Co. v United State

Ruled that the federal government could not use prior restraint to prevent the publication of the Pentagon Papers, reinforcing freedom of the press under the First Amendment.

Baker v. Carr

Tennessee hadn't redistricted their state since 1901 and districts were very uneven and votes were not equally weighted (urban vs rural). The supreme court determined under the 14th amendment's Equal Protection Clause, the people of Tennessee were not represented in "One Man, One Vote".

Shaw v. Reno

North Carolina added a new congressional district and created two majority-Black districts. One of the districts was extremely narrow and oddly shaped, appearing to be drawn solely to group black voters together. It was argued that the plan used racial gerrymandering and violated the Equal Protection clause of the 14th amendment. The Supreme Court argued districts could not be created solely on race.