DCIT 21A

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 2 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/141

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Introduction to Computing

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

142 Terms

1
New cards

An electronic device that takes data, processes it according to a program, and produces information.

Computer

2
New cards

A series of instructions that a computer must follow in order to process data into information.

Program

3
New cards

The basic flow of data in a computer system, where input is received, processed according to a program, and output is produced.

IPO (Input, Process, Output)

4
New cards

Capabilities of Computers

Performing mathematical and logical operations, storing and retrieving information, handling repetitive tasks, communicating with operators and other machines, and controlling errors.

5
New cards

Limitations of computers (3)

Need for human input and instructions, inability to correct inaccurate entries, and susceptibility to breakdowns and malfunctions.

6
New cards

Characteristics of Computers

Machine, electronic, automatic, manipulating data, memory, and logic functions.

7
New cards

Types of Computers (5)

Mainframes, Personal Computers (including Desktop Computers, Laptop Computers, Tablet PCs, Media Centre, and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs).

8
New cards

Computer Classifications (5)

Age and Component Generations, Size, Operation, Application, Design

9
New cards

The collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities within a computer, acting as an intermediary between the user and the computer and between application programs and system hardware.

Operating System

10
New cards

The operating system and utility programs that control a computer system and allow users to use their computer.

System Software

11
New cards

Programs that allow users to perform specific tasks on a computer, such as word processing, gaming, web browsing, and music listening.

Application Software

12
New cards

Functions of an Operating System

Interfacing with users, booting the computer, configuring devices, managing network connections, managing and monitoring resources and jobs, file management, and security

13
New cards

The optimization of main memory (RAM) usage

Memory Management

14
New cards

Traditionally used a command-line interface.

  • Dominant OS in the 1980s and early 1990s

Disk Operating System (DOS)

15
New cards

Created originally for IBM microcomputers

PC-DOS

16
New cards

Operating system developed in the late 1960s for midrange servers

UNIX

17
New cards

Operating system that allows multiple users to access the system simultaneously

Multi-user OS

18
New cards

Open-source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991.

Linux

19
New cards

Graphical user interface, a visual way to interact with the computer

GUI

20
New cards

Cloud operating system designed to run on Chrome devices

Chrome OS

21
New cards

Latest version of Windows designed for smartphones

Windows Phone

22
New cards

Linux-based operating system for mobile devices (open platform).

Android

23
New cards

Operating system designed for Apple mobile phones and devices and supports multitasking

iOS

24
New cards

Operating system designed for Blackberry devices

Blackberry OS

25
New cards

Other mobile operating systems based on Linux besides Android and iOS (4)

Ubuntu, WebOS, Firefox OS, Tizen

26
New cards

Software that performs specific tasks related to managing or maintaining the computer system (stand-alone or suites)

Utility Programs

27
New cards

Programs that remove software from the hard drive without leaving behind any leftover files

Uninstall Utilities

28
New cards

Programs that delete temporary files to free up storage space

Cleanup Utilities

29
New cards

Programs that reduce the size of files to optimize storage space and transmission time (WinZip, Stuffit)

File Compression Programs

30
New cards

Programs that make it easier to create backups of important files and restore them if needed

Backup and Recovery Utilities

31
New cards

Security programs that protect computers from viruses, spyware, and unauthorized access (3)

Antivirus, Antispyware, Firewalls

32
New cards

Programs that enable users to perform tasks such as copying, moving, and deleting files and folders

File Management Programs

33
New cards

Programs designed to search for documents and files on the computer's hard drive

Search Tools

34
New cards

Programs that evaluate and diagnose system errors and problems related to the hard drive

Disk Management Programs

35
New cards

Collection of raw facts and figures

Data

36
New cards

Data that is made meaningful and useful to someone

Information

37
New cards

Series of activities that transform data into information

Data Processing

38
New cards

A conceptual framework wherein input in the form of data or information is processed which result in the generation of an output basically in the form of information.

Input-Process-Output (I-P-O) Model

39
New cards

The flow of data from the moment it is recorded until the time it becomes a usable piece of information is traced taking into consideration what is actually done on the data in the process of transforming it into information.

Data Processing Cycle

40
New cards

Processing data using manual labor

Manual Data Processing

41
New cards

Processing data using machines or devices that alter, transmit and direct applied forces.

Mechanical Data Processing

42
New cards

Processing data using mechanical devices with electric motors

Electromechanical Data Processing

43
New cards

Processing data using computers and electronic devices

Electronic Data Processing

44
New cards

Phase of data processing cycle involving capturing and recording data

Origination Phase

45
New cards

Phase of data processing cycle involving ensuring accuracy and completeness of data

Input Preparation Phase

46
New cards

Phase of data processing cycle involving conversion of data into meaningful information

Processing Phase

47
New cards

Phase of data processing cycle involving generating and presenting the information

Output Preparation Phase

48
New cards

Group of organized interdependent components that interact to achieve goals

System

49
New cards

Elements that enter the system in the form of energy, materials, or information

Inputs

50
New cards

Actions on the inputs that convert them into outputs

Processes

51
New cards

The finished product or information resulting from the processing of inputs

Outputs

52
New cards

The external elements or factors that influence the system

Environment

53
New cards

Group of activities designed to collect, process, generate, and exchange information for the exclusive support of a major functional area.

Information System

54
New cards

Group of activities designed to support a specific function or task

Application System

55
New cards

Physical components or equipment used in data processing, such as the CPU and input/output devices

Hardware

56
New cards

Non-physical components, such as programs, used to control and direct the hardware in data processing

Software

57
New cards

Collection of programs that facilitate the programming and operation of the computer system

Systems Software

58
New cards

Programs written to solve specific problems or tasks

Applications Software

59
New cards

Refers to the personnel involved in managing and designing the application and writing the program.

Peopleware

60
New cards

1st manual data processing device from China able to perform arithmetic calculations.

Abacus

61
New cards

(William Oughtred) able to perform arithmetic operations by sliding rules.

Oughtred’s Slide Rule

62
New cards

(Blaise Pascal) able to add and subtract numbers up to 8 digits.

Pascal’s Calculator

63
New cards

(Gottfried Leibniz) able to do the same as Pascal’s calculator and also perform multiplication, division and square roots.

Leibniz Calculator

64
New cards

(Charles Babbage) uses two cards: operation and variable

Babbage Analytic Engine

65
New cards

Father of Modern Computers

Charles Babbage

66
New cards

worked with Babbage and is the first female Programmer

Augusta Ada Byron

67
New cards

(Herman Hollerith, a statistician) a census machine used by the US Bureau of Census in 1890

Hollerith’s Punch Card Machine

68
New cards

Boolean Algebra

George Boole

69
New cards

General Purpose Programmable Computer

Alan Turing

70
New cards

Made the first electronic digital purpose computer or “Atanasoff Berry Computer”.

John Atanasoff

71
New cards

Introduced the concept of debugging and finding errors.

Grace Hopper

72
New cards

ENIAC

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

73
New cards

EDVAC

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer

74
New cards

EDSAC

Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer

75
New cards

Computer simulation

Stanislaw Ulam

76
New cards

Microprocessor chip

Ted Hoff

77
New cards

The co-founders of the Microsoft Corporation

Paul Allen and William Howard (Bill Gates)

78
New cards

Proposed or invented the World Wide Web (www)

Tim Berners-Lee

79
New cards

According to Age and Component Generations: 1st Generation

slow

expensive

fragile

very large

Vacuum Tubes

80
New cards

According to Age and Component Generations: 2nd Generation (Assembly Language and 1st OS)

much simpler

much smaller

much cheaper

more reliable

no warm up

Transistors

81
New cards

According to Age and Component Generations: 3rd Generation

miniaturization added to all the existing benefits

enabled un-thought of possibilities

Integrated Circuits

82
New cards

According to Age and Component Generations: 4th Generation (High-level Programming Language)

Medium Scale Integration (MSI)

Large Scale Integration (LSI)

Microprocessors

83
New cards

According to Age and Component Generations: 5th

Making computers behave like humans

Games Playing, Expert Systems, Natural Language, Neural Networks, Robotics

Artificial Intelligence

84
New cards

Used to describe large computers. It can process large amounts of data at very high speed, hold up to millions of characters in its storage and support many input, output, and storage devices.

Mainframe

85
New cards

Relatively smaller and slower computers compared to mainframe.

Minicomputers

86
New cards

Typically fits a desktop. Inside of it is microprocessor, which has control capability for memory and I/O access, and which contains an arithmetic logic unit all on a single, chip less than one quarter of an inch square

Microcomputers

87
New cards

Operates essentially on the basis of distinct (discrete) “on” and “off” states which can be represented by 1’s and 0’s referred to as binary digits.

Digital Computers

88
New cards

Operate by measuring continuous physical or electrical magnitudes such as pressure, current, voltage, length or shaft rotations.

Analog Computers

89
New cards

Combination of the desirable qualities of the analog and digital computers

Hybrid Computers

90
New cards

Computers that can manipulate numbers according to sophisticated formulas and keep track of the results to several decimal places.

Scientific Computers

91
New cards

Computers that usually handle large volumes of data for input, perform simple calculations like addition and subtraction and print vast numbers of reports.

Business Computers

92
New cards

Computer classification according to age and component generations (5)

1st (Vacuum Tubes), 2nd (Transistors), 3rd (Integrated Circuits), 4th (Microprocessors), 5th Gen (AI)

93
New cards

Computer classification according to size (3)

Mainframe, Minicomputers, Microcomputers

94
New cards

Computer classification according to operation (3)

Digital Computer, Analog Computer, Hybrid Computer

95
New cards

Computer classification according to application (2)

Scientific Computer and Business Computer

96
New cards

Computer classification according to design (2)

General Purpose Computer and Special Purpose Computer

97
New cards

Designed to perform a variety of operations by simply changing instructions.

General Purpose Computer

98
New cards

Built for specific operation and usually satisfies the needs for a particular type of problem.

Special Purpose Computer

99
New cards

Important part or basic unit of an operating system.

Kernel

100
New cards

A command to test network connectivity.

Ping