Introduction to Biomedical and Health Informatics - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering core BMHI terms, concepts, standards, and workforce roles drawn from the lecture notes.

Biomedical and health informatics (BMHI)

Interdisciplinary field studying the use of biomedical data, information, and knowledge to improve health, healthcare, public health, and research.

Health informatics (HI)

Often used synonym for BMHI; focus on informatics within healthcare and health-related domains.

AMIA

American Medical Informatics Association; primary professional organization for BMHI.

National Library of Medicine (NLM)

US NIH institute that leads in BMHI research, terminology standards, and biomedical literature.

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

US government biomedical research agency funding BMHI research and training.

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

Digital version of a patient’s health record used across care settings.

Electronic Medical Record (EMR)

Historically used term for a patient’s electronic medical record; often overlaps with EHR.

Personal Health Record (PHR)

Personally controlled health record, managed by the patient.

Health Information Exchange (HIE)

Exchange of health information across organizations and boundaries.

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; US law protecting patient privacy and security of health information.

HIPAA Security Rule

HIPAA provision focused on safeguarding electronic protected health information (ePHI).

HITECH Act

Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health; part of ARRA promoting meaningful use of EHRs and HIE.

ARRA

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; stimulus law including funding for health IT adoption.

21st Century Cures Act

Legislation to advance interoperability and reduce information blocking; accelerated health IT innovation.

US Core Data for Interoperability (USCDI)

Standardized core data elements for interoperability across health care systems.

FHIR

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources; HL7 standard for exchanging health information via APIs.

SMART on FHIR

An app platform that enables substitutable health IT apps to run on EHRs using FHIR.

Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC)

US federal office coordinating nationwide health IT efforts and standards.

Clinical Decision Support (CDS)

Tools and systems that provide clinicians with knowledge and patient-specific information to enhance care.

Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE)

Electronic entry of medical orders by providers.

Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)

Application of the best current scientific evidence to clinical decision making.

Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER)

Research comparing diagnostic or treatment options to evaluate relative effectiveness.

Information retrieval (IR)

Field focused on searching and retrieving information from large collections of data.

Electronic Health Record Adoption Model (EMRAM)

HIMSS analytics model scoring hospitals’ EHR adoption and interoperability milestones.

LOINC

Logical Observations, Identifiers, and Codes; standard for lab and clinical measurements.

SNOMED CT

Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms; comprehensive clinical terminology.

ICD-10-CM

International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification; diagnostic coding system.

ICD-11

11th revision of ICD coding system for diseases and health problems.

RxNorm

Standardized nomenclature for medications and drug vocabularies.

CPT (Current Procedural Terminology)

Code set for medical procedures and services.

HL7

Standards organization for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information.

DICOM

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine; standard for medical imaging data and workflows.

PACS

Picture Archival and Communications System; integrates medical imaging data storage and access.

Interoperability

Ability of diverse systems to exchange and use information consistently.

Semantic interoperability

Interchange where exchanged data have the same meaning across systems.

Data governance

Policies, processes, and structures to ensure data quality, availability, and security.

Data quality

Accuracy, completeness, and reliability of data used for decision making.

Data management

All practices for collecting, storing, and maintaining data throughout its lifecycle.

Data modeling

Creating abstract models to structure data for storage and retrieval.

DIKW pyramid

Data → Information → Knowledge → Wisdom; framework for understanding data utility.

Big Data

Large, complex data sets characterized by volume, velocity, variety, and variability.

Data analytics

Techniques to inspect data to draw conclusions and support decisions.

Data science

Interdisciplinary field analyzing data to extract knowledge and insights.

Machine learning (ML)

Computational methods enabling systems to learn patterns from data.

Deep learning (DL)

Advanced ML using multi-layer neural networks for complex tasks.

Neural networks

Computational models inspired by the brain to recognize patterns.

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

Neural network type especially effective for image data analysis.

Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)

Neural network type suited for sequential data; includes time-series.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Techniques for computers to understand and manipulate human language.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Broad field of systems that simulate aspects of human intelligence.

Genomics

Study of the genome and its function, variation, and mapping.

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)

High-throughput DNA sequencing technologies enabling rapid genomic data.

OMOP (Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership)

Common data model used to standardize observational health data.

Translational bioinformatics

Bioinformatics applied to health problems to translate findings into practice.

Clinical Research Informatics (CRI)

Informatics applied to clinical research and translational science.

Imaging informatics

Informatics focusing on storage, retrieval, and analysis of medical images.

Nursing informatics

BMHI subfield applying informatics to nursing practice.

Consumer health informatics

Informatics from a consumer perspective, often emphasizing patient engagement.

Public health informatics

Informatics applied to public health, surveillance, and population health.

Imaging (informatics)

Informatics related to medical imaging modalities and workflows.

Translational research

Research bridging basic science and clinical practice to improve health.

Human Genome Project

Large-scale effort to sequence the human genome and map its function.

NCBI

National Center for Biotechnology Information; key biomedical data repository.

PubMed

Free search system for biomedical literature produced by NLM.

PubMed Central (PMC)

NIH repository of full-text biomedical journal articles.

MeSH

Medical Subject Headings; controlled vocabulary used in indexing biomedical literature.

UMLS

Unified Medical Language System; integrates multiple medical vocabularies.

NIH Roadmap

Strategic plan to accelerate biomedical research and translation.

NIH CTSA

Clinical and Translational Science Award program funding translational research.

USCDI interoperability

Set of core data elements for nationwide health data exchange.

US Core Data for Interoperability (USCDI)

Standardized data elements for interoperable health information.

ONC Playbook

Federal guidance for health IT implementation and policy.

Data security

Protecting data from unauthorized access or corruption.

Privacy (PHI/PII)

Protection of personal health information and personally identifiable information.

Breaches and BAAs

Data breaches and Business Associate Agreements; privacy/security obligations.

HIPAA Privacy Rule

Regulations governing how PHI may be used and disclosed.

HIPAA Security Rule

Regulations governing technical safeguards for ePHI.

CMIO

Chief Medical Information Officer; physician leader integrating IT and clinical care.

CNIO

Chief Nursing Informatics Officer; nursing informatics leader within organizations.

CIO

Chief Information Officer; executive responsible for IT strategy and operations.

CCIO/CHIO

Chief Clinical/Health Information Officer; senior informatics leaders.

RHIA

Registered Health Information Administrator; high-level HIM certification.

RHIT

Registered Health Information Technician; HIM technician certification.

CCS (Certified Coding Specialist)

HIM professional credential for medical coding.

AHIC

American Medical Informatics Association Advanced Health Informatics Certification.

AHIMA

American Health Information Management Association; professional organization for HIM.

ACGME

Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education; sets residency standards.

ABMS/ABPM

American Board of Medical Specialties and American Board of Preventive Medicine; credentialing bodies.

10x10 program

AMIA initiative to train healthcare professionals in informatics; scalable course.

IOM/NAM

Institute of Medicine, now NAM; influential health policy and informatics reports.

Learning health system

System that continually improves by collecting data, analyzing outcomes, and implementing changes.

Ethics in BMHI

Standards and considerations for privacy, consent, bias, and professional conduct in informatics.