Sociology 100 chapter 1

studied byStudied by 0 People
0.0(0)
Get a hint
hint

Who are the foundational Theorist

1/205

Studying Progress

New cards
205
Still learning
0
Almost done
0
Mastered
0
205 Terms
New cards

Who are the foundational Theorist

Emile Durkheim

New cards
New cards

Karl Marx

New cards
New cards

Max Weber

New cards
New cards

What are the Perspectives

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

New cards
New cards

FUNCTIONALISM

New cards
New cards

CRITICAL THEORY

New cards
New cards

What is symbolic interactionism theory

is a micro-level theory

New cards
New cards

that focuses on the relationships among individuals within a society. Communication—the exchange of meaning through language and symbols—is believed to be the way in which people make sense of their social worlds. people active in shaping social world

New cards
New cards

ex.What's it mean to be an X?

New cards
New cards

The way one-on-one interactions and communications behave.

New cards
New cards

A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to:theatrical roles

New cards
New cards

what is functionalism theory

a theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to

New cards
New cards

meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society

New cards
New cards

macro or mid theory

New cards
New cards

ex. how each organ works together to keep body healthy/ or not

New cards
New cards

criticism pg19

New cards
New cards

what is critical theory

expansion of conflict theory is

New cards
New cards

what theorist was karl Marx

conflict theorist

New cards
New cards

what type of theorist was max weber

symbolic interactionalis

New cards
New cards

what type of theorist was Emile Durkheim

functionalist

New cards
New cards

Critical Theory

German philosophers, known as the Frankfurt School, developed critical theory as an elaboration on Marxist principles.

New cards
New cards

is an expansion of conflict theory and is broader than just sociology, incorporating other social sciences and philosophy.

New cards
New cards

constructivism

an extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that reality is what humans

New cards
New cards

cognitively construct it to be

New cards
New cards

culture

a group's shared practices, values, and beliefs

New cards
New cards

s comprised of shared values (ideals), beliefs which strengthen the values, norms and rules that maintain the values, language so that the values can be taught,

New cards
New cards

product of people in a society

New cards
New cards

function

the part a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole and the contribution it makes to

New cards
New cards

structural continuity

New cards
New cards

generalized others

the organized and generalized attitude of a social group

New cards
New cards

case study

in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual

New cards
New cards

types of sampling

Random

New cards
New cards

stratified

New cards
New cards

snowball

New cards
New cards

cluster

New cards
New cards

voluntary

New cards
New cards

culture relativism

is the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one's own culture

New cards
New cards

symbolic culture

New cards
New cards

language

New cards
New cards

existing culture

New cards
New cards

material culture

New cards
New cards

non-material culture

as items you can touch-they are tangible. in contrast, consists of the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society. These are things you cannot touch.

New cards
New cards

symbolic culture

New cards
New cards

Sapir whorf

Even while it constantly evolves, language shapes our perception of reality and our behavior. In the 1920s, linguists Benjamin and Edward ----

New cards
New cards

New cards
New cards

advanced this idea which became known as _______

New cards
New cards

New cards
New cards

or linguistic relativity. It is based on the idea that people experience their world through their language, and therefore understand their world through the cultural meanings embedded in their language.

New cards
New cards

New cards
New cards

the way that people understand the world based on their form of language

New cards
New cards

A hypothesis

is an explanation for a phenomenon based on a conjecture about the relationship between the phenomenon and one or more causal factors. In sociology, the hypothesis will often predict how one form of human behavior influences another.

New cards
New cards

interpretive framework

sometimes referred to as an interpretive perspective, seeks to understand social worlds from the point of view of participants, which leads to in-depth knowledge or understands about the human experience.

New cards
New cards

what is primary source data

such as survey, participant observation, ethnography, case study, unobtrusive observations, experiment,

New cards
New cards

what is secondary data analysis

using data collected by others and applying new interpretations

New cards
New cards

survey

collects data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire or an interview.

New cards
New cards

define sample

small, manageable number of subjects that represent the population

New cards
New cards

define field research

refers to gathering primary data from a natural environment. To conduct field research, the sociologist must be willing to step into new environments and observe, participate, or experience those worlds.

New cards
New cards

New cards
New cards

the sociologists, rather than the subjects, are the ones out of their element.

New cards
New cards

participant observation

when a researcher immerses herself in a group or social setting in order to make

New cards
New cards

observations from an "insider" perspective

New cards
New cards

define ethnography

participating and observing thinking and behavior in a social setting

New cards
New cards

define case study

in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual

New cards
New cards

define Hawthorne effect

New cards
New cards

what is code of ethics

a set of guidelines that the American Sociological Association has established to foster

New cards
New cards

ethical research and professionally responsible scholarship in sociology

New cards
New cards

accuracy

using a tool makes the measuring more precise.

New cards
New cards

random sample

every person in a population has the same chance of being chosen for the study. As a result, a Gallup Poll, if conducted as a nationwide random sampling, should be able to provide an accurate estimate of public opinion whether it contacts 2,000 or 10,000 people.

New cards
New cards

high culture

to describe the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in the highest or elite class segments of a society.

New cards
New cards

low culture

is associated with the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in the lowest class segments of a society.

New cards
New cards

popular culture

refers to the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in mainstream society.

New cards
New cards

New cards
New cards

events might include a parade, a baseball game, or the season finale of a television show

New cards
New cards

culture universals

are patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies. One example of a cultural universal is the family unit: every human society recognizes a family structure that regulates sexual reproduction and the care of children.

New cards
New cards

Ethnocentrism

which means to evaluate and judge another culture based on one's own cultural norms.

New cards
New cards

cultural imperialism

is the deliberate imposition of one's own culture values on another culture

New cards
New cards

culture shock

When people find themselves in a new culture, they may experience disorientation and frustration. In sociology, we call this

New cards
New cards

Xenocentrism

is the opposite of ethnocentrism, and refers to the belief that another culture is superior to one's own

New cards
New cards

values

ideals, or principles and standards members of a culture hold in high regard.

New cards
New cards

a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society

New cards
New cards

beliefs

Values are deeply embedded and are critical for learning a culture's_____

New cards
New cards

which are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.

New cards
New cards

ideal culture

what values portray

New cards
New cards

the standards society would like to embrace and live up to

New cards