Genetic Inheritance Assessment Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms for the exam.

Meiosis

Cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes.

Meiosis 1

The first division of meiosis, during which homologous chromosomes pair and separate.

Meiosis 2

The second division of meiosis, during which sister chromatids separate.

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes with the same genes, one from each parent.

Autosomes

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Sex Chromosomes

A chromosome involved in determining the sex of an organism.

Karyotypes

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

Trisomy

A condition in which there are three copies of a chromosome.

Down syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21.

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

A genetic condition in males caused by the presence of one or more extra X chromosomes.

Monosomy

A condition in which there is only one copy of a chromosome.

Turner’s syndrome

A genetic disorder in females caused by the absence of one X chromosome.

Inheritance

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Principle of Dominance

Mendel's principle that one factor masks the effect of another factor.

Law of Segregation

Mendel's law stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation.

Genotypes

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Phenotypes

The physical characteristics of an organism.

Dominant alleles

An allele that masks the expression of another allele.

Recessive alleles

An allele that is masked by the expression of another allele.

Homozygous individuals

Having two identical alleles for a trait.

Heterozygous individuals

Having two different alleles for a trait.

Purebred

An individual that always produces offspring with the same trait when self-crossed.

Hybrid/Carriers

An individual with two different alleles for a trait.

Monohybrid cross

A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits.

Dihybrid cross

A cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits.

Codominance

A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed.

Incomplete Dominance

A condition in which neither allele for a gene completely masks the other, resulting in a blended phenotype.

Multiple Alleles

The existence of more than two alleles for a particular gene.

Polygenic Traits

A trait controlled by two or more genes.

Sex-Linked Traits

A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent.

Pedigrees

A diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations.