Endocrine System Revision

This parathyroid hormone is the primary regulator of blood Ca++ levels.

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

This adrenal cortex hormone causes K+ secretion.

Aldosterone

This pancreatic hormone stimulates the production of glucose.

Glucagon

This is the primary hormone produced by the granulose cells in the ovaries.

Estrogen

This hormone is produced primarily by the corpus luteum of the ovaries.

Progesterone

This is the primary male sex hormone produced by the testes.

Testosterone

The most important regulator of metabolism; from the thyroid gland.

T3 and T4

This hormone released from the adrenal medulla takes place in the "fight or flight" reaction.

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

This is the primary stress hormone from the adrenal cortex.

Cortisol

This anterior pituitary hormone is essential for the stress response.

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

This hormone from the adrenal medulla increases levels of glucose and other fuels.

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

This pancreatic hormone promotes storage of organic fuels.

Glucagon

From the atria of the heart, this hormone increases excretion of Na+.

ANP (atrial naturetic peptide)

From the kidney this hormone increases production of red blood cells.

Erythropoetin

Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands

Tropic hormones

Hormones act as ___ messengers.

Chemical

Hormones control body function by altering __ activity.

Cellular

Hormones travel in the blood to specific ___ cells.

Target

Hormones are produced by ___ glands.

Endocrine

Chemical categories of hormones.

Amino acid based, prostaglandins, Steroids

Steroid hormones activate genes which leads to synthesis of new ___.

Proteins

Steroid hormones bind to a receptor protein in the ___.

Nucleus

Non-steroid hormones catalyze a reaction that produces a___ messenger.

Second

Hormones are transported to target cells via the ___.

Blood

The two non-steroid types of hormones are:

Amino acid based, prostaglandins

The secretion of hormones from the anterior lobe of thePituitary gland is largely controlled by

Hypothalamus

The chief means of regulating blood levels of nearly all Hormone levels.

Negative feedback

What is a hormone?

A chemical messenger

Non-steroid hormones have receptor proteins located In the _________________ of their target cells.

Plasma membrane

Hormone concentrations are regulated by what 4 things?

Levels of substances in the blood, Negative feedback mechanisms, Nerve control, Other hormones

What hormone causes an increase in blood plasma Ca++ Ion concentrations?

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

What hormone regulates Na+ and K+ ion concentration And water balance?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

What hormone causes a decrease in blood plasma Ca++ Ion concentrations?

Calcitonin

What hormone lowers blood sugar (glucose)?

Insulin

During childhood, this endocrine gland influences the maturation and programming of T lymphocytes.

Thymus

What hormone raises the blood sugar (glucose) level?

Glucagon

Which endocrine gland produces iodine containing hormones That control metabolism?

Thyroid

Responses to danger are attributed to the sudden release Of which hormone?

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Diabetes insipidus, a condition in which water is lost in Significant amounts is the result of hyposecretion of:

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Which hormone directs the formation of bones and muscles in both sexes?

GH (growth hormone)

The lack of enough of which hormone causes excessive thirst,And high blood glucose levels

Insulin

What hormone stimulates breakdown of bone and increase Of blood calcium?

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

The insufficiency of this causes abnormally small stature And normal proportions.

GH (growth hormone)

Thyroxine (T4) functions to ___ metabolism.

Increase

Which gland produces melatonin?

Pineal

Which gland produces prolactin?

Anterior pituitary

Which gland produces thymosin?

Thymus

Which gland secretes norepinephrine?

Adrenal medulla

Which gland secretes ADH?

Posterior pituitary

Which gland secretes cortisol?

Adrenal cortex

Which gland produces growth hormone?

Anterior pituitary

Which gland secretes glucagon?

Pancreas

Which gland secretes oxytocin?

Posterior pituitary

Which gland secretes calcitonin?

Thyroid

Which gland secretes T3 and T3?

Thyroid

Which gland produces insulin?

Pancreas

Which gland produces ACTH?

Anterior pituitary

Which gland produces LH?

Anterior pituitary

Which glands secrete androgens?

Adrenal cortex and testes

Which gland produces FSH?

Anterior pituitary

Which glands secrete estrogen?

Adrenal cortex and ovaries

Which hormones do the ovaries secrete?

Estrogen and progesterone

Which gland secretes TSH?

Anterior pituitary

Which organ secretes secretin?

Duodenum (small intestine)

Which organ secretes ANP?

Heart

Which organ secretes renin?

Kidney

Which organs secretes cholecystokinin?

Duodenum (small intestine)

Which organ secretes gastrin?

Stomach

Which organ secretes vitamin D?

Skin

Which structure secretes estrogen, progesterone and HgC Human gonadocotropic hormone.

Placenta

Inadequate amounts of which iodine containing hormone May cause goiters?

T3 and T4

Which hormone helps to establish the body's sleep and Wake cycles?

Melatonin

Which hormone causes contraction of the uterus?

Oxytocin

What are the organs (not glands) that produce hormones?

Placenta, intestine, kidney, heart, stomach, skin

Which hormone is considered the basal metabolic hormones?

T3 and T4

When does GH significantly stop secretions?

Young adulthood

Which hormone is reported to improve mood?

Melatonin

What is the ceasing of menses in women called?

Menopause

Inadequate amounts of which hormone may cause lethargy?

T3 and T4

What hormone decreases the most during menopause?

Estrogen

Inadequate amounts of which hormone may cause Hypothyroidism (slow metabolism)?

T3 and T4

What do the adrenal glands sit on top of?

Kidneys

Inadequate amounts of which hormone may cause pituitary Dwarfism- abnormally short stature?

GH (growth hormone)

What happens to glandular activity in old age?

It decreases (slows)

Which two hormones (or synthetically created versions)Have been misused as performance enhancing drugs?

Growth hormone and testosterone

What gland does ACTH stimulate?

Adrenal

Which hormone acts antagonistically to insulin?

Glucagon

What gland does TSH stimulate?

Thyroid

What gland does LH stimulate?

Ovaries

What gland does ICSH stimulate?

Testes

Which hormone acts antagonistically to calcitonin?

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

What gland is the main producer of estrogen?

Ovary

Ovulation is the result of the sudden and dramatic release of Large quantities of what hormone?

LH (lutenizing hormone)

What hormone is directly responsible for the development Of the male secondary sexual characteristics?

Testosterone

What hormone is responsible for the development and Maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics?

Estrogen

Which gland secretes progesterone?

Ovary

Which glands secrete glucocorticoids?

Adrenal cortex

Which hormones are necessary for milk production and Release?

Oxytocin and prolactin

Which gland is near the larynx?

Thyroid

Which gland is under the breastbone?

Thymus