Endocrine System Revision

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1
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This parathyroid hormone is the primary regulator of blood Ca++ levels.

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

2
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This adrenal cortex hormone causes K+ secretion.

Aldosterone

3
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This pancreatic hormone stimulates the production of glucose.

Glucagon

4
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This is the primary hormone produced by the granulose cells in the ovaries.

Estrogen

5
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This hormone is produced primarily by the corpus luteum of the ovaries.

Progesterone

6
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This is the primary male sex hormone produced by the testes.

Testosterone

7
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The most important regulator of metabolism; from the thyroid gland.

T3 and T4

8
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This hormone released from the adrenal medulla takes place in the "fight or flight" reaction.

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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This is the primary stress hormone from the adrenal cortex.

Cortisol

10
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This anterior pituitary hormone is essential for the stress response.

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

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This hormone from the adrenal medulla increases levels of glucose and other fuels.

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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This pancreatic hormone promotes storage of organic fuels.

Glucagon

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From the atria of the heart, this hormone increases excretion of Na+.

ANP (atrial naturetic peptide)

14
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From the kidney this hormone increases production of red blood cells.

Erythropoetin

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Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands

Tropic hormones

16
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Hormones act as ___ messengers.

Chemical

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Hormones control body function by altering __ activity.

Cellular

18
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Hormones travel in the blood to specific ___ cells.

Target

19
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Hormones are produced by ___ glands.

Endocrine

20
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Chemical categories of hormones.

Amino acid based, prostaglandins, Steroids

21
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Steroid hormones activate genes which leads to synthesis of new ___.

Proteins

22
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Steroid hormones bind to a receptor protein in the ___.

Nucleus

23
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Non-steroid hormones catalyze a reaction that produces a___ messenger.

Second

24
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Hormones are transported to target cells via the ___.

Blood

25
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The two non-steroid types of hormones are:

Amino acid based, prostaglandins

26
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The secretion of hormones from the anterior lobe of thePituitary gland is largely controlled by

Hypothalamus

27
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The chief means of regulating blood levels of nearly all Hormone levels.

Negative feedback

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What is a hormone?

A chemical messenger

29
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Non-steroid hormones have receptor proteins located In the _________________ of their target cells.

Plasma membrane

30
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Hormone concentrations are regulated by what 4 things?

Levels of substances in the blood, Negative feedback mechanisms, Nerve control, Other hormones

31
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What hormone causes an increase in blood plasma Ca++ Ion concentrations?

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

32
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What hormone regulates Na+ and K+ ion concentration And water balance?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

33
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What hormone causes a decrease in blood plasma Ca++ Ion concentrations?

Calcitonin

34
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What hormone lowers blood sugar (glucose)?

Insulin

35
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During childhood, this endocrine gland influences the maturation and programming of T lymphocytes.

Thymus

36
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What hormone raises the blood sugar (glucose) level?

Glucagon

37
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Which endocrine gland produces iodine containing hormones That control metabolism?

Thyroid

38
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Responses to danger are attributed to the sudden release Of which hormone?

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

39
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Diabetes insipidus, a condition in which water is lost in Significant amounts is the result of hyposecretion of:

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

40
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Which hormone directs the formation of bones and muscles in both sexes?

GH (growth hormone)

41
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The lack of enough of which hormone causes excessive thirst,And high blood glucose levels

Insulin

42
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What hormone stimulates breakdown of bone and increase Of blood calcium?

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

43
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The insufficiency of this causes abnormally small stature And normal proportions.

GH (growth hormone)

44
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Thyroxine (T4) functions to ___ metabolism.

Increase

45
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Which gland produces melatonin?

Pineal

46
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Which gland produces prolactin?

Anterior pituitary

47
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Which gland produces thymosin?

Thymus

48
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Which gland secretes norepinephrine?

Adrenal medulla

49
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Which gland secretes ADH?

Posterior pituitary

50
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Which gland secretes cortisol?

Adrenal cortex

51
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Which gland produces growth hormone?

Anterior pituitary

52
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Which gland secretes glucagon?

Pancreas

53
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Which gland secretes oxytocin?

Posterior pituitary

54
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Which gland secretes calcitonin?

Thyroid

55
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Which gland secretes T3 and T3?

Thyroid

56
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Which gland produces insulin?

Pancreas

57
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Which gland produces ACTH?

Anterior pituitary

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Which gland produces LH?

Anterior pituitary

59
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Which glands secrete androgens?

Adrenal cortex and testes

60
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Which gland produces FSH?

Anterior pituitary

61
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Which glands secrete estrogen?

Adrenal cortex and ovaries

62
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Which hormones do the ovaries secrete?

Estrogen and progesterone

63
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Which gland secretes TSH?

Anterior pituitary

64
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Which organ secretes secretin?

Duodenum (small intestine)

65
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Which organ secretes ANP?

Heart

66
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Which organ secretes renin?

Kidney

67
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Which organs secretes cholecystokinin?

Duodenum (small intestine)

68
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Which organ secretes gastrin?

Stomach

69
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Which organ secretes vitamin D?

Skin

70
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Which structure secretes estrogen, progesterone and HgC Human gonadocotropic hormone.

Placenta

71
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Inadequate amounts of which iodine containing hormone May cause goiters?

T3 and T4

72
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Which hormone helps to establish the body's sleep and Wake cycles?

Melatonin

73
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Which hormone causes contraction of the uterus?

Oxytocin

74
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What are the organs (not glands) that produce hormones?

Placenta, intestine, kidney, heart, stomach, skin

75
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Which hormone is considered the basal metabolic hormones?

T3 and T4

76
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When does GH significantly stop secretions?

Young adulthood

77
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Which hormone is reported to improve mood?

Melatonin

78
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What is the ceasing of menses in women called?

Menopause

79
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Inadequate amounts of which hormone may cause lethargy?

T3 and T4

80
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What hormone decreases the most during menopause?

Estrogen

81
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Inadequate amounts of which hormone may cause Hypothyroidism (slow metabolism)?

T3 and T4

82
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What do the adrenal glands sit on top of?

Kidneys

83
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Inadequate amounts of which hormone may cause pituitary Dwarfism- abnormally short stature?

GH (growth hormone)

84
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What happens to glandular activity in old age?

It decreases (slows)

85
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Which two hormones (or synthetically created versions)Have been misused as performance enhancing drugs?

Growth hormone and testosterone

86
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What gland does ACTH stimulate?

Adrenal

87
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Which hormone acts antagonistically to insulin?

Glucagon

88
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What gland does TSH stimulate?

Thyroid

89
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What gland does LH stimulate?

Ovaries

90
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What gland does ICSH stimulate?

Testes

91
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Which hormone acts antagonistically to calcitonin?

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

92
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What gland is the main producer of estrogen?

Ovary

93
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Ovulation is the result of the sudden and dramatic release of Large quantities of what hormone?

LH (lutenizing hormone)

94
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What hormone is directly responsible for the development Of the male secondary sexual characteristics?

Testosterone

95
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What hormone is responsible for the development and Maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics?

Estrogen

96
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Which gland secretes progesterone?

Ovary

97
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Which glands secrete glucocorticoids?

Adrenal cortex

98
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Which hormones are necessary for milk production and Release?

Oxytocin and prolactin

99
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Which gland is near the larynx?

Thyroid

100
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Which gland is under the breastbone?

Thymus