Endocrine System Revision

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This parathyroid hormone is the primary regulator of blood Ca++ levels.

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This parathyroid hormone is the primary regulator of blood Ca++ levels.

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

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This adrenal cortex hormone causes K+ secretion.

Aldosterone

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This pancreatic hormone stimulates the production of glucose.

Glucagon

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This is the primary hormone produced by the granulose cells in the ovaries.

Estrogen

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This hormone is produced primarily by the corpus luteum of the ovaries.

Progesterone

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This is the primary male sex hormone produced by the testes.

Testosterone

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The most important regulator of metabolism; from the thyroid gland.

T3 and T4

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This hormone released from the adrenal medulla takes place in the "fight or flight" reaction.

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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This is the primary stress hormone from the adrenal cortex.

Cortisol

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This anterior pituitary hormone is essential for the stress response.

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

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This hormone from the adrenal medulla increases levels of glucose and other fuels.

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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This pancreatic hormone promotes storage of organic fuels.

Glucagon

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From the atria of the heart, this hormone increases excretion of Na+.

ANP (atrial naturetic peptide)

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From the kidney this hormone increases production of red blood cells.

Erythropoetin

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Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands

Tropic hormones

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Hormones act as ___ messengers.

Chemical

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Hormones control body function by altering __ activity.

Cellular

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Hormones travel in the blood to specific ___ cells.

Target

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Hormones are produced by ___ glands.

Endocrine

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Chemical categories of hormones.

Amino acid based, prostaglandins, Steroids

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Steroid hormones activate genes which leads to synthesis of new ___.

Proteins

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Steroid hormones bind to a receptor protein in the ___.

Nucleus

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Non-steroid hormones catalyze a reaction that produces a___ messenger.

Second

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Hormones are transported to target cells via the ___.

Blood

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The two non-steroid types of hormones are:

Amino acid based, prostaglandins

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The secretion of hormones from the anterior lobe of thePituitary gland is largely controlled by

Hypothalamus

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The chief means of regulating blood levels of nearly all Hormone levels.

Negative feedback

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What is a hormone?

A chemical messenger

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Non-steroid hormones have receptor proteins located In the _________________ of their target cells.

Plasma membrane

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Hormone concentrations are regulated by what 4 things?

Levels of substances in the blood, Negative feedback mechanisms, Nerve control, Other hormones

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What hormone causes an increase in blood plasma Ca++ Ion concentrations?

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

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What hormone regulates Na+ and K+ ion concentration And water balance?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

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What hormone causes a decrease in blood plasma Ca++ Ion concentrations?

Calcitonin

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What hormone lowers blood sugar (glucose)?

Insulin

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During childhood, this endocrine gland influences the maturation and programming of T lymphocytes.

Thymus

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What hormone raises the blood sugar (glucose) level?

Glucagon

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Which endocrine gland produces iodine containing hormones That control metabolism?

Thyroid

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Responses to danger are attributed to the sudden release Of which hormone?

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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Diabetes insipidus, a condition in which water is lost in Significant amounts is the result of hyposecretion of:

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

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Which hormone directs the formation of bones and muscles in both sexes?

GH (growth hormone)

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The lack of enough of which hormone causes excessive thirst,And high blood glucose levels

Insulin

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What hormone stimulates breakdown of bone and increase Of blood calcium?

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

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The insufficiency of this causes abnormally small stature And normal proportions.

GH (growth hormone)

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Thyroxine (T4) functions to ___ metabolism.

Increase

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Which gland produces melatonin?

Pineal

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Which gland produces prolactin?

Anterior pituitary

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Which gland produces thymosin?

Thymus

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Which gland secretes norepinephrine?

Adrenal medulla

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Which gland secretes ADH?

Posterior pituitary

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Which gland secretes cortisol?

Adrenal cortex

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Which gland produces growth hormone?

Anterior pituitary

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Which gland secretes glucagon?

Pancreas

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Which gland secretes oxytocin?

Posterior pituitary

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Which gland secretes calcitonin?

Thyroid

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Which gland secretes T3 and T3?

Thyroid

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Which gland produces insulin?

Pancreas

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Which gland produces ACTH?

Anterior pituitary

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Which gland produces LH?

Anterior pituitary

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Which glands secrete androgens?

Adrenal cortex and testes

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Which gland produces FSH?

Anterior pituitary

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Which glands secrete estrogen?

Adrenal cortex and ovaries

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Which hormones do the ovaries secrete?

Estrogen and progesterone

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Which gland secretes TSH?

Anterior pituitary

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Which organ secretes secretin?

Duodenum (small intestine)

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Which organ secretes ANP?

Heart

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Which organ secretes renin?

Kidney

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Which organs secretes cholecystokinin?

Duodenum (small intestine)

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Which organ secretes gastrin?

Stomach

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Which organ secretes vitamin D?

Skin

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Which structure secretes estrogen, progesterone and HgC Human gonadocotropic hormone.

Placenta

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Inadequate amounts of which iodine containing hormone May cause goiters?

T3 and T4

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Which hormone helps to establish the body's sleep and Wake cycles?

Melatonin

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Which hormone causes contraction of the uterus?

Oxytocin

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What are the organs (not glands) that produce hormones?

Placenta, intestine, kidney, heart, stomach, skin

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Which hormone is considered the basal metabolic hormones?

T3 and T4

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When does GH significantly stop secretions?

Young adulthood

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Which hormone is reported to improve mood?

Melatonin

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What is the ceasing of menses in women called?

Menopause

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Inadequate amounts of which hormone may cause lethargy?

T3 and T4

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What hormone decreases the most during menopause?

Estrogen

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Inadequate amounts of which hormone may cause Hypothyroidism (slow metabolism)?

T3 and T4

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What do the adrenal glands sit on top of?

Kidneys

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Inadequate amounts of which hormone may cause pituitary Dwarfism- abnormally short stature?

GH (growth hormone)

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What happens to glandular activity in old age?

It decreases (slows)

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