BSC2086 Module 5

Seconday oocytes contain 23 chromosomes.

- true

- false

true

Ejaculatory ducts are located..

- where the rete testis joins the epididymis

- at the apex of the prostate where the ductus deferens merges with the duct from the seminal vesicles

- at the external urethral orifice

- inferior to the bulbourethral glands

at the apex of the prostate where the ductus deferens merges with the duct from the seminal vesicles

Spermatozoa is produced in the testes with in these structures:

- rete testis

- epididymis

- seminiferous tubules

- prostate

seminiferous tubules

Testosterone is produced in these cells.

- cowper's cells

- sertoli cells

- leydig cells

- follicular

leydig cells

Both the female and male sexual responses consist of excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

- true

- false

true

Which ONE of the following facial features is fully developed by the end of the first trimester?

- nose

- mouth

- ears

- eyes

ears

Which ONE of the following terms describes the solid ball of cells formed by the zygote that is contained within the zona pellucida?

- blastocoel

- blastomere

- pronucleus

- morula

morula

Maternal sinusoids are endometrial capillaries that have dilated during the development of the trophoblast.

- true

- false

true

Which ONE of the following is not a primary germ layer?

- notochord

- endoderm

- mesoderm

- ectoderm

notochord

The chorion helps to promote fetal development. All of the following are produced by the chorion EXCEPT:

- T lymphocyte production

- formation of the placenta

- human chorionic gonadotropin production

- shock absorption

shock absorption

The uterus produces the female gamete (ovum).

- true

- false

false

The production of female gametes is called spermatogenesis.

- true

- false

false

Which of the following is NOT one of the principal hormones of the Female Reproductive Cycle?

- testosterone

- follicle-stimulating hormone

- estrogen

- progesterone

testosterone

During oogenesis, the corona radiata starts to form at this level of follicular development.

- secondary follicle

- ruptured follicle

- primary follicle

- primordial follicle

secondary follicle

Fetal development occurs from the 9th week after fertilization.

- true

- false

false

The second trimester encompasses weeks 29-40 after fertilization.

- true

- false

false

What forms the lower layer of the inner cell mass?

- epiblast

- hypoblast

- cytotophoblast

- syncytiotrophoblast

hypoblast

Which somite forms the vertebrae and ribs?

- myotome

- sclerotome

- dermotome

- none of the above

sclerotome

Which ONE of the following contain umbillical vessels at their core?

- quaternary chorionic villi

- tertiary or placental villi

- secondary chorionic villi

- primary chorionic villi

tertiary or placental villi

A man's own spermatozoa will NOT be recognized as foreign to the body and will NOT be attacked by his immune system.

- true

- false

false

During spermatogenesis, male gametes have 23 chromosomes after this stage.

- meiosis II

- meiosis I

- ovulation

- mitosis

meiosis II

Secondary oocytes contain 23 chromosomes.

- true

- false

true

Which of the following is NOT a division of the uterine tube?

- intrauterine part

- ampulla

- infundibulum

- cervix

- ithmus

cervix

The percentage volume of fluid that makes up semen derive from the following:

- Seminal vesicles 25-30%, Prostate 60-65%, Bulbourethral glands 5%

- Seminal vesicles 60-65%, Prostate 25-30%, Bulbourethral glands 5%

- Seminal vesicles 10%, Prostate 50-60%, Bulbourethral glands 35%

- Seminal vesicles 5%, Prostate 25-30%, Bulbourethral glands 60-65%

Seminal vesicles 60-65%, Prostate 25-30%, Bulbourethral glands 5%

In humans, the time it takes from a germ cell to mature into a spermatozoon is:

- 65-75 days

- 10-20 days

- 65-75 minutes

- 24 hours

65-75 days

Which of the following is NOT a division of the uterine tube?

- cervix

- ithmus

- intrauterine part

- infundibulum

- ampulla

cervix

The ectoderm is the innermost layer of the trilaminar germ disk, and forms the epithelial lining of the multiple organ system.

- true

- false

false

Which of the following structures does NOT form the chorion?

- primitive ectoderm

- extraembryonic mesoderm

- syncytiotrophoblast

- cytotrophoblast

primitive ectoderm

During weeks 21-25, surfactant starts being produced in the fetal lungs as the respiratory system develops.

- true

- false

true

During the stages of development, what occurs at day 21?

- formation of the morula

- initiation of the embryonic folding

- formation of the pharyngeal arches

- formation of the neural tube

- start of implantation

initiation of embryonic folding

Which of the following events occurs during capacitation?

- the spermatozia fuse with the oocyte membrane

- the spermatozoa cross the perivitelline space

- the acrosome releases enzymes

- glycoproteins and seminal plasma proteins are stripped from the head of spermatozoa

glycoproteins and seminal plasma proteins are stripped from the head of spermatozoa

Amniotic fluid functions to promote all of the following EXCEPT:

- human chorionic gonadotropin production

- creation of hydrostatic wedge

- regulation of fetal body temperature

- shock absorption

human chorionic gonadotropin production

Which ONE of the following hormones prepares the fetal lungs for respiration?

- oxytocin

- relaxin

- norepinephrine

- estrogen

norepinephrine

During the stages of development, what occurs at Day 3?

- formation of the neural tube

- formation of the pharyngeal arches

- start of implantation

- initiation of embryonic folding

- formation of the morula

formation of the morula

Which of the following structures develop first during gastrulation?

- primitive streak

- primitive groove

- primitive pit

- primitive node

primitive streak

Stertoli cells accomplish all of the following EXCEPT:

- nourish and promote the growth and development of sperm

- secrete antigen-binding protein as a response to increased levels of FSH and testosterone

- form the blood-testis barrier

- produces testosterone

produces testosterone

Which somite forms the vertebrae and ribs?

- none of the above

- sclerotome

- myotome

- dermotome

sclerotome

During the second week of development, what occurs on day 12?

- the embryoblast differentiates into the hypoblast and the epiblast

- capillaries dilate forming the maternal sinusoids

- secondary yolk sac is formed

- lacunae begin to form in the syncytiotrophoblast

capillaries dilate forming the maternal sinusoids

Which ONE of the following groups of cels contributes to the formation of the peripheral nervous system?

- neural crest cells

- neural groove cells

- neural fold cells

- neural tube cells

neural crest cells

During the stages of development, what occurs at day 18?

- formation of the neural tube

- formation of the pharyngeal arches

- initiation of embryonic folding

- start of implantation

- formation of the morula

formation of the neural tube

Uterine milk is a glycogen-like fluid designed to provide nutrients to nourish the blastomeres of the developing embryo.

- true

- false

true

During the stages of development, what occurs at day 7?

- formation of the neural tube

- start of implantation

- initiation of embryonic folding

- formation of the morula

- formation of the pharyngeal arches

start of implantation

Which somite gives rise to form the major connective tissue of the body?

- myotome

- none of the above

- dermotome

- sclerotome

dermotome

The maternal placenta is the section of the chorion that has chorionic villi on its surface.

- true

- false

false

Primary oocytes contain 46 chromosomes.

- true

- false

true

The embryoblast differentiates into the cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast.

- true

- false

false

During weeks 21-25, surfactant starts being produces in the fetal lungs as the respiratory system develops.

- true

- false

true

Which ONE of the following describes when a fetus can be born prematurely and survive without assistance from the mother because its systems are able to function?

- 35 weeks and beyond

- 24 weeks and beyond

- 33 weeks and beyond

- 18 weeks and beyond

33 weeks and beyond

Which ONE of the following events indicate the start of human development?

- neurulation

- implantation

- fertilization

- embryonic folding

- cleavage of the zygote

fertilization

Which ONE of the following describes the chorionic villi?

- finger-like projections with an inner mass of syncytiotrophoblast covered by a layer of cytotrophoblast

- finger-like projections with an inner mass of spanchnopleuric mesoderm covered by a layer of somatopleuric mesoderm

- finger-like projections with an inner mass of cytotrophoblast covered by a layer of syncytiotrophoblast

- finger-like projections with an inner mass of somatopleuric mesoderm covered by a layer of spanchnopleuric mesoderm

finger-like projections with an inner mass of cytotrophoblast covered by a layer of syncytiotrophoblast

During the second week of development, what occurs at day 8?

- capillaries dilate forming the maternal sinusoids

- secondary yolk sac is formed

- the embryoblast differentiates into the hypoblast and the epiblast

- lacunae begin to form in the syncytiotrophoblat

the embryoblast differentiates into the hypoblast and the epiblast

Which somite gives rise to the major muscles of the neck?

- myotome

- dermotome

- sclerotome

- none of the above

myotome

The ectoderm is composed of which of the following tissues?

- loosely organized connective tissue

- squamous epithelial cells

- tightly packed epithelial cells

- none of the above

tightly packed epithelial cells

Which of the following pharyngeal arches contain muscles?

- first and second

- third

- first and third

- first

- second

first and third

During the second week of development, what occurs on day 9?

- capillaries dilate forming the maternal sinusoids

- lacunae begin to form in the syncytiotrophoblast

- secondary yolk sac is formed

- the embryoblast differentiates into the hypoblast and the epiblast

lacunae begin to form in the syncytiotrophoblast

Stages of Parturition

1. Dilation of cervix

2. Expulsion of fetus (baby delivery)

3. Expulsion of placenta

Oxytocin

- released from posterior pituitary gland

- stimulates uterine contractions

Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)

- secreted by hypothalamus

- prevents disintegration of corpus luteum

Follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH)

- secreted by anterior pituitary gland

- follicle growth/maturation

- stimulates secretion of estrogen

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

- secreted by anterior pituitary gland

- responsible for luteinization after ovulation

- production of progesterone from corpus luteum

Estrogen

- secreted by theca interna cells

- stimulates reproductive cycle and development of secondary sex characteristics

Progesterone

- secreted by corpus luteum

- prepares for pregnancy

Inhibin

- secreted by granulosa cells

- released after ovulation

- stops further development of secondary follicles in ovary

First trimester of pregnancy

- weeks 9-38

- most critical stage of development

- major tissues and organ systems begin to form

Second trimester of pregnancy

- majority of organ systems forms

- develops more human-like features

Third trimester of pregnancy

- organ system are now functional

- growth rate decreases

- gains a lot of weight

From the outside in, the layers of the uterus consists of:

- myometrium, perimetrium, and endometrium

- myometrium, endometrium, and perimetrium

- endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium

- perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium

perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium

Which ONE of the following terms refers to two identical cells produced by the first division of the zygote?

- blastocysts

- morulas

- zygotes

- blastomeres

- blastocoels

blastomeres

The notochordal plate is formed when the notochordal process undergoes transformation to form a flat plate.

- true

- false

true

Which ONE of the following describes the fetal portion of the placenta?

- section of the chorion that is composed of the decidua capsularis

- section of the chorion that is composed of the decidua basalis

- section of the chorion that has chorionic villi on its surface

- all of the above

section of the chorion that has chorionic villi on its surface

What forms the upper layer of the inner cell mass?

- hypoblast

- epiblast

- cytotrophoblast

- syncytiotrophoblast

epiblast

The central neural plate is derived from which oNE of the following three germ layers?

- mesoderm

- endoderm

- ectoderm

- none of the above

ectoderm