Year 11 Health and Movement Science Preliminary Revision Notes

Vocabulary flashcards generated from Year 11 Health and Movement Science Preliminary Course Notes covering Focus Area 1 and Focus Area 2.

Health (WHO definition)

A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Physical health

Efficient body functioning and the capacity to complete daily tasks.

Mental health

The capacity to think, learn, concentrate and make decisions.

Emotional health

Recognising, expressing and regulating emotions.

Social health

Building supportive relationships and participating in groups.

Spiritual health

Having meaning, values, identity and a sense of purpose or connection.

Dynamic health

The concept that health changes over time because of life events, choices, environments, ageing, illness, recovery and support.

Relative health

The concept that health is judged in relation to age, circumstances, expectations and comparison groups.

Epidemiology

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events in populations.

Mortality

The number or rate of deaths in a population during a specified period.

Infant mortality

Deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births.

Morbidity

The level of illness, injury or disability in a population.

Incidence

The number of new cases occurring during a stated period.

Prevalence

The total existing cases at a point in time or over a period.

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person of a given age is expected to live if current patterns continue.

Equity

A social justice principle where resources are distributed according to need so people have a fair opportunity for good health.

First Nations holistic view of health

A view incorporating physical, social, emotional, cultural and spiritual wellbeing of the individual and community, with connections to family, kin, community, Culture and Country.

Self-efficacy

Belief in one's ability, which increases willingness to act, persist and seek support.

Health literacy

Finding, understanding, checking and applying health information to support informed choices.

Health advocacy

Action that supports positive change in health conditions, services, policy or public understanding.

ACYP

The NSW Advocate for Children and Young People, which listens to young people and represents their views in policy and planning.

NACCHO

Organisation representing Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations that supports holistic, culturally safe care.

CYDA

Organisation advocating nationally for children and young people with disability.

Health promotion

The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health, prioritizing prevention, participation, supportive environments and action on determinants.

Salutogenic approach

A health promotion approach focusing on resources and strengths that create health, rather than only on risks and disease.

Long bones

Bones featuring a long shaft with enlarged ends that provide leverage, such as the femur, humerus and tibia.

Sesamoid bones

Small bones embedded in a tendon that reduce friction or change force direction, such as the patella.

Synovial joint

A joint containing a joint cavity, articular cartilage, a capsule and synovial fluid, allowing free movement.

Agonist

The prime mover muscle producing most of the required force during a movement.

Antagonist

The muscle opposing or controlling an action that usually relaxes or lengthens.

Reciprocal inhibition

Process occurring when the nervous system reduces activation of the antagonist while the agonist contracts, allowing smoother movement.

Slow-twitch (Type I) muscle fibers

Muscle fibers that contract slower with lower force, high fatigue resistance, and contain many mitochondria, capillaries and myoglobin.

Fast-twitch (Type II) muscle fibers

Muscle fibers that contract faster with higher force, lower fatigue resistance, and possess greater anaerobic capacity.

Concentric isotonic contraction

Muscle contraction where the muscle shortens while producing force.

Eccentric isotonic contraction

Muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens while controlling force.

Isometric contraction

Muscle contraction where force is produced without a visible change in muscle length or joint angle.

Artery

Blood vessel with a thick, elastic and muscular wall and relatively narrow lumen that carries blood away from the heart under higher pressure.

Vein

Blood vessel with a thinner wall, wider lumen and valves that returns blood to the heart under lower pressure.

Capillary

Microscopic blood vessel with a wall one cell thick that allows diffusion between blood and tissues.

Motor unit

One motor neuron and all muscle fibres it controls.

ATP-PCr system

Anaerobic energy system fueled by stored ATP and phosphocreatine, offering the fastest rate of resynthesis with a very small capacity.

Cardiac output equation

$$\text{Cardiac output} = \text{Heart rate} \times \text{Stroke volume}$$

Cognitive stage of acquisition

The stage of motor learning where the learner is understanding the skill, makes frequent errors and needs high attention.

Associative stage of acquisition

The stage of motor learning where movement becomes more consistent, and the learner detects some errors and refines timing and coordination.

Autonomous stage of acquisition

The stage of motor learning where execution is efficient and largely automatic, allowing attention to focus on tactics and environment.

Discrete skill

A motor skill with a clear, distinct start and finish, such as a kick.

Continuous skill

A motor skill that is repeated with no obvious end, such as swimming.

Massed practice

Practice structure with more practice time than rest, best suited for simple, safe skills and experienced, fit learners.

Distributed practice

Practice structure where rest time equals or exceeds practice time, useful for complex, intense or dangerous skills and beginners.

Task-intrinsic feedback

Information naturally received through vision, touch, balance and proprioception.

Augmented feedback

Information added by a coach, teacher, video, timer or technology.

Self-regulation

The process of directing thoughts, emotions and behaviour toward a goal.