Geography Paper 2 Section A Vocabulary

Urbanisation

The increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities

Natural Increase

Population growth measured as the birth rate exceeds the death rate

Megacity

City with more than 10 million people

high-income countries (HICs)

nations with highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial, administrative, and service occupations; and relatively high levels of national and personal income

low-income countries (LICs)

primarily agrarian nations with little industrialization and low levels of national and personal income

Newly emerging economies (NEEs)

Countries that have begun to experience higher rates of economic development, usually with higher levels of industrialisation. They differ from LICs in that they no longer rely primarily on agriculture, have made gains in infrastructure and industrial growth, and are experiencing increasing incomes and high levels of investment

Favela

a Brazilian shack or shanty town where poor people live

Counter- urbanisation

The process of people moving to live in the accessible rural - urban fringe Residential areas are often considered more desirable here .

Urban sprawl

Green land getting built on to meet the demand for housing , industry and transport . Towns and cities grow larger and natural habitat is lost.

Urban regeneration

The renewal of run down or derelict urban areas . This often includes improving the quality of the built environment , changing the land use and attracting new businesses and higher earners to the area

Multicultural

containing several cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

Gentrification

the process of renewal & rebuilding accompanying the influx of middle class or affluent people into deteriorating areas that often displaces poorer residents

Social housing

Council housing , houses are made available to be rented at low cost by low income people

Social cleansing

the removal from the area of members of a social class considered 'undesirable'

Compulsory purchase

A compulsory purchase order allows governments and councils to buy land or property without the consent of the owner.

Deprivation

Deprivation is the degree to which a person/ communities lacks the things essential for a decent life , including work , housing & services .

Greenfield sites

A greenfield site is land that has not been built on before , usually in the countryside for or the edge of the built up area .

Brownfield sites

A brownfield Site is land that has been built on before and is to be cleared and reused. Often found in the inner city .

Urban greening

The process of increasing and preserving open space such as public parks and gardens in urban areas.

Dereliction

Abandoned buildings and wasteland.

Sustainable Urban Living

Sustainable urban living means being able to live in cities in ways that do not pollute the environment and using resources in ways that ensure future generations also can use then .

Rural-urban migration

the movement of people from the countryside to the city