DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS

Deontology

emphasizes the right over the good. Focuses on the right actions and intentions, not just consequences.

True

t or f, in deontology, actions are morally right if they align with our duties, regardless of outcomes.

Good will

an act has moral worth only if it is done with the right intention or motive which he called what? This is also called as the unconditionally good.

The action and the motive behind it

the two features of the right thing to do.

Hypothetical imperative

an action that one must take if one has a particular goal or desire in mind. It is conditional and depends on personal preferences or objectives. This means that the action required is only necessary if you want to achieve a specific end or goal.

Categorical Imperatives

unconditional and universal. They do not depend on any personal desires, goals , or circumstances. Tells us what we must do, regardless of our own individual preferences or goals. This is the moral duites that apply to all rational beings, regardless of their specific desires or situations.

First Form of categorical imperative

act only on the maxim that you can will as a universal law. This means that what I consider doing, it must be something that I can will or accept that all do. This is replacing individual preferences with purely universal terms. Actions should not be contradictory when willed.

Second form of the categorical imperative

Always treat humanity whether in your own person or that of another, never simply as a means but always at the same time as an end. This means that every person has intrinsic value and that humanity is a limit or constraints on our actions.

Imperfect duties

our actions where we have the freedom how much help we give and when. meaning we have moral responsibilites, but we can decide when and how to dulfill them.

Perfect duties

these are the duties that must be always followed, not contradictory, and not using people as mere tools. More inclined on categorical imperative.

Prima Facie Duties

act where there is a moral reason in favor of doing the act, but one that can be outweighed by other moral reasons.

Rawls theory of justice

believes that justice is fairness and circle on the idea that citizens are free and equal and the society should be fair. Citizens should relate to each other as equal within a social order defined by reciprocity, instead of within the unjust status hierarchies.

Veil of ignorance

thought process suggested by john ralws where we imagine we sit in a veil of ignorance that keeps us from knowing who we are and identifying with out personal circumstances to determine how the world should operate without being biased by our own situation.

Liberty principle

the social contract should try to ensure that everyone enjoys the maximum liberty possible without intruding upon the freedom of others.

Difference Principle

the social contract should guarantee that everyone has an equal opportunity to prosper. Inequality is allowed but only if it benefits the whole society and the worst off.