HOA2 - Early Christian, Byzantine, Saracenic

Byzantium

Constantine changed the capital of the Empire from Rome to ______

Judea

Birth of Christianity started in ________ (eastern part of the Roman empire)

House Church

Private place where early Christians gathered to worship

Atrium

Open courtyard surrounded by colonnades

Narthex

Entrance hall/porch

Nave

Central aisle ; seating area

Aisle

Side corridors on both sides of the nave

Transept

Side projections of the church ; arm perpendicular to the nave

Crossing

Where the nave and transept intersect

Apse

Circular termination

True

Little regard was given to external effect ; emphasis on internal worship

True

Columns and capitals from Old Roman buildings were used

Baptistery

Separate buildings from the Church used only for baptism

Catacombs

Network of underground cemeteries

“At the hollows”

Ad catacumbas means

Loculi

Recesses for corpses

Old St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City, Rome

• Where martyrdom of Christians took place including St. Peter

• 30 years construction

• Torn down by the 16th cent.

St. Paolo Fouri Le Mura Basilica, Rome, Italy

• Largest and most impressive of all basilican churches

The Baptistery of Constantine, Rome

• Oldest Italian Baptistery

• Natural Spring

Catacomb of St. Callistus, Rome

Largest of the catacombs

7 hills

Byzantine Empire stood on _____ that gave it a commanding and central position for government

Iconoclastic Movement

Banned the use of statues in any form, thus painting became the substitute seen on the dome ceilings of the buildings

True

Byzantine Architecture was influenced by the massive character of Babylonian Architecture

Justinian I

Ordered to build the Hagia Sophia

Theodosius II

Built several military gates & towers against Goths & Huns

Western Roman Catholic Churches

• Cross in square plans with central domes

Eastern Orthodox Churches

• Centralized plans with domes and have 3 basic spaces: narthex, nave and sanctuary

Iconostasis

• Icon screen; wall of icons and religious paintings separating the nave from the sanctuary

Pendentive

Triangular curved overhanging surface to support a circular dome

Mosaic

A decorative art created by assembling small pieces of glass, tiles or other materials

Tessara

Piece of mosaic

Fresco painting

• Art of painting on fresh, moist plaster with pigments dissolved in water

Hagia Sophia

• Gk. “Holy Wisdom”

• Former Orthodox patriarchal basilica later an Imperial mosque and now a museum

Istanbul, Turkey

Hagia Sophia is located in _______

Isidorus of Miletus, Anthemius of Tralles

Architects of Hagia Sophia

St. Mark’s Basilica, Venice

• Known for its opulent design

• Chiesa d’ Oro ; Church of Gold

Church of the Holy Apostles, Athens, Greece

Burial place of the byzantine emperors and patriarchs of Constantinople

Moorish Architecture

Articulated variation of Saracenic Architecture prevalent on the part of North Africa and parts of Spain & Portugal where moors are dominant

True

Moorish Architecture was sober & grotesque

Mosques

• Principal building of Moorish Architecture

• Onion/bulbous domes

• Use of horseshoe arch, pointed arch, cusped arch

• Domed Chhatris

• Towers/Minarets

Fami Masjid

Friday Mosque (Public)

Madrassah

Islamic School

Tomb Mosque

For the dead

Chhatri

Kiosk/Pavilion

Dar

Men’s Apartment

Harem

Women’s Apartment

Diwan

Palaces

Mihrab

Niche facing Mecca

Mimber

Raised platform for ceremonial announcement

Minaret

Tall, slender prayer tower

Mimbar

High Pulpit / Ambo

Muhajar

Baluster

Selamuk

Men’s Quest Quarter

Sahn

Atrium

Fawwara

Fountain

Liwanat

Collonade

Dikka

Reading Desk

Maqsura

Screen

Taj Mahal

• Built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife Mumtaz Mahal

Ustad Ahmad Lahauri

Architect of Taj Mahal