Medical Terminology - Digestive System (Volume 4)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering combining forms, prefixes, suffixes, anatomy, disorders, and treatments related to the Digestive System.

(Combining Forms) aliment/o

Nourishment; food.

(Combining Forms) an/o

Anus.

(Combining Forms) append/o, appendic/o

Appendix.

(Combining Forms) bil/i

Bile.

(Combining Forms) bucc/o

Cheek.

(Combining Forms) cec/o

Cecum.

(Combining Forms) chol/e

Bile or gall.

(Combining Forms) cholangi/o

Bile duct.

(Combining Forms) cholecyst/o

Gallbladder.

(Combining Forms) choledoch/o

Common bile duct.

(Combining Forms) col/o, colon/o

Colon or large intestine.

(Combining Forms) dent/i, odont/o

Tooth.

(Combining Forms) duoden/o

Duodenum; first part of the small intestine.

(Combining Forms) enter/o

Small intestine.

(Combining Forms) esophag/o

Esophagus.

(Combining Forms) gastr/o

Stomach.

(Combining Forms) gingiv/o

Gums.

(Combining Forms) gloss/o, lingu/o

Tongue.

(Combining Forms) hepat/o

Liver.

(Combining Forms) ile/o

Ileum; last portion of the small intestine.

(Combining Forms) jejun/o

Jejunum; middle portion of the small intestine.

(Combining Forms) labi/o

Lip.

(Combining Forms) lapar/o

Abdomen or abdominal wall.

(Combining Forms) or/o, stomat/o

Mouth.

(Combining Forms) pancreat/o

Pancreas.

(Combining Forms) peritone/o

Peritoneum; membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

(Combining Forms) proct/o

Anus and rectum.

(Combining Forms) rect/o

Rectum.

(Combining Forms) sial/o

Saliva or salivary gland.

(Combining Forms) sigmoid/o

Sigmoid colon.

(Prefixes) a-, an-

Without; not.

(Prefixes) dys-

Difficult, painful, or abnormal.

(Prefixes) hyper-

Excessive or above normal.

(Prefixes) hypo-

Deficient or below normal.

(Prefixes) peri-

Around.

(Prefixes) poly-

Many or much.

(Prefixes) sub-

Under or below.

(Suffixes) -algia

Pain.

(Suffixes) -ectomy

Surgical removal.

(Suffixes) -emesis

Vomiting.

(Suffixes) -iasis

Abnormal condition or presence.

(Suffixes) -itis

Inflammation.

(Suffixes) -lithiasis

Condition involving stones.

(Suffixes) -megaly

Enlargement.

(Suffixes) -orexia

Appetite.

(Suffixes) -pepsia

Digestion.

(Suffixes) -phagia

Eating or swallowing.

(Suffixes) -plasty

Surgical repair.

(Suffixes) -rrhea

Flow or discharge.

(Suffixes) -scopy

Visual examination with a scope.

(Suffixes) -stomy

Surgical creation of an opening.

(Suffixes) -tomy

Incision or cutting into.

(Digestive Anatomy) Oral cavity

Mouth; the place where digestion begins.

(Digestive Anatomy) Teeth

Mechanically break food into smaller pieces.

(Digestive Anatomy) Salivary glands

Produce saliva to moisten food and begin carbohydrate digestion.

(Digestive Anatomy) Pharynx

Throat; passageway that carries food toward the esophagus.

(Digestive Anatomy) Esophagus

Muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach.

(Digestive Anatomy) Stomach

Mixes food with acid and enzymes to begin protein digestion.

(Digestive Anatomy) Small intestine

Main site of digestion and nutrient absorption.

(Digestive Anatomy) Three parts of the small intestine

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

(Digestive Anatomy) Duodenum

First portion of the small intestine; receives bile and pancreatic enzymes.

(Digestive Anatomy) Jejunum

Middle portion of the small intestine; absorbs many nutrients.

(Digestive Anatomy) Ileum

Last portion of the small intestine; connects to the large intestine.

(Digestive Anatomy) Large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces.

(Digestive Anatomy) Cecum

First part of the large intestine.

(Digestive Anatomy) Appendix

Small tube attached to the cecum.

(Digestive Anatomy) Colon

Main portion of the large intestine.

(Digestive Anatomy) Rectum

Stores feces before elimination.

(Digestive Anatomy) Anus

Opening through which feces leave the body.

(Digestive Anatomy) Liver

Produces bile, processes nutrients, detoxifies substances, and stores glycogen.

(Digestive Anatomy) Gallbladder

Stores and concentrates bile.

(Digestive Anatomy) Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin.

(Digestive Anatomy) Peritoneum

Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers many abdominal organs.

(Digestive Processes) Ingestion

Taking food into the mouth.

(Digestive Processes) Mastication

Chewing.

(Digestive Processes) Deglutition

Swallowing.

(Digestive Processes) Digestion

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.

(Digestive Processes) Absorption

Movement of nutrients from the digestive tract into the blood or lymph.

(Digestive Processes) Peristalsis

Wave-like muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

(Digestive Processes) Metabolism

Chemical processes the body uses to obtain and use energy.

(Digestive Processes) Defecation

Elimination of feces from the body.

(Digestive Processes) Bile

Fluid produced by the liver that helps digest fats.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Anorexia

Loss of appetite. In medical terminology, this does not always mean anorexia nervosa.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Dyspepsia

Indigestion.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Odynophagia

Painful swallowing.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Nausea

Feeling the urge to vomit.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Emesis

Vomiting.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Hematemesis

Vomiting blood.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Diarrhea

Frequent passage of loose or watery stool.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Constipation

Difficult or infrequent passage of stool.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Melena

Black, tarry stool usually caused by bleeding in the upper digestive tract.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Hematochezia

Passage of bright red blood in the stool.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Steatorrhea

Excess fat in the stool.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Flatulence

Excess gas in the digestive tract.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Ascites

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

(Symptoms and General Terms) Jaundice

Yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by excess bilirubin.

(Mouth and Esophagus Disorders) Stomatitis

Inflammation of the mouth.

(Mouth and Esophagus Disorders) Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gums.

(Mouth and Esophagus Disorders) Periodontitis

Inflammation and infection of tissues supporting the teeth.