Ch10: local anesthetics

does not include special considerations-

what is the pharmacodynamics of local anesthetics

reduce pain response by inhibiting sensory nerves

how do local anesthetics inhibit sensory nerves

block nerve conduction by acting on nerve membranes, can block sensory nerves without inhibiting motor nerves

what is the pharmacodynamics of local anesthetics

decrease rate of action potential and max depolarization, local depolarization fails to reach threshold, bind to inactive Na+ channel

how do local anesthetics differ

route of administration, duration, site of metabolism, potency how

what are ester local anesthetics

short duration, metabolized by enzymes in blood and skin secreted in urin urine

what are examples of ester anesthetics

benzocaine, cocaine, tetracaine

what are amide local anesthetics

long duration, metabolized by liver, excreted in urine

what are examples of amide anesthetics

dibucaine, lidocaine

what are topical anesthetics

surfaces anesthesia, creams, sprays, eyedrops

what are topical anesthetics applied to open skin

TAC, LET, EMLA w

what is TAC anesthesia

tetracaine, adrenaline, cocaine being phased out

what are LET anesthesia

lidocaine, epinepherine, tetracaine, not commercially available what are EMA

what are EMLA anesthetics

eutectiv mixture, combined with thickener applied as thick layer

how do local anesthetics effect the heart

leads to bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias

how do local anesthetics effect blood vessels

vasoconstriction, vasodilation, hypotension

how does local anesthetics effect the CNS

cortical stimulation, nervousness, tremors, convulsions, CNS depression

what are the sensitivity effect of local anesthetics

allergic reaction, facial swellings, cyanosis,v omiting

what are the clinical applications of local anesthetics

cutaneous surgery, dental procedures, relieve pain and itching, relieve hemorrhoid pain, surgical procedures

what is intradermal RoA

under skin

what is epidural or caudal blockade RoA

extradurally

what is perineural RoA

injection around peripheral nerves

what is spinal blockade RoA

injection into subarachnoid space

what is bier block RoA

IV injection into arm or leg isolated by tourniquet

what is infiltration RoA

injection into tissue, extent is determined by depth of tissue penitration

what s regional nerve block RoA

around nerve root manage pain from lower back, neck, singlesm cancer migraine

what is cryoanesthesia

external application of ice or ethyl chloride to skin