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what is the pharmacodynamics of local anesthetics
reduce pain response by inhibiting sensory nerves
how do local anesthetics inhibit sensory nerves
block nerve conduction by acting on nerve membranes, can block sensory nerves without inhibiting motor nerves
what is the pharmacodynamics of local anesthetics
decrease rate of action potential and max depolarization, local depolarization fails to reach threshold, bind to inactive Na+ channel
how do local anesthetics differ
route of administration, duration, site of metabolism, potency how
what are ester local anesthetics
short duration, metabolized by enzymes in blood and skin secreted in urin urine
what are examples of ester anesthetics
benzocaine, cocaine, tetracaine
what are amide local anesthetics
long duration, metabolized by liver, excreted in urine
what are examples of amide anesthetics
dibucaine, lidocaine
what are topical anesthetics
surfaces anesthesia, creams, sprays, eyedrops
what are topical anesthetics applied to open skin
TAC, LET, EMLA w
what is TAC anesthesia
tetracaine, adrenaline, cocaine being phased out
what are LET anesthesia
lidocaine, epinepherine, tetracaine, not commercially available what are EMA
what are EMLA anesthetics
eutectiv mixture, combined with thickener applied as thick layer
how do local anesthetics effect the heart
leads to bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias
how do local anesthetics effect blood vessels
vasoconstriction, vasodilation, hypotension
how does local anesthetics effect the CNS
cortical stimulation, nervousness, tremors, convulsions, CNS depression
what are the sensitivity effect of local anesthetics
allergic reaction, facial swellings, cyanosis,v omiting
what are the clinical applications of local anesthetics
cutaneous surgery, dental procedures, relieve pain and itching, relieve hemorrhoid pain, surgical procedures
what is intradermal RoA
under skin
what is epidural or caudal blockade RoA
extradurally
what is perineural RoA
injection around peripheral nerves
what is spinal blockade RoA
injection into subarachnoid space
what is bier block RoA
IV injection into arm or leg isolated by tourniquet
what is infiltration RoA
injection into tissue, extent is determined by depth of tissue penitration
what s regional nerve block RoA
around nerve root manage pain from lower back, neck, singlesm cancer migraine
what is cryoanesthesia
external application of ice or ethyl chloride to skin
