MICROSCOPE

1. Biological microscope

2. Stereoscopic microscope

Types of microscope based on APPLICATION

Biological microscope

• magnification 4x to 100x

  • lights comes from BENEATH the stage

Biological microscope

for blood cells, bacteria, and protozoa etc.

Stereoscopic microscope

• magnification 7x to 46x

  • light comes from ABOVE and BENEATH the stage

Stereoscopic microscope

for flowers, rocks, and insects etc.

1. Inverted microscope

2. Upright microscope

Types of microscope based on STRUCTURE

Inverted microscope

• observe target from BELOW

• specimen observed are PLACED on SLIDES

Upright microscope

• observe target from ABOVE

• specimen observed are cells SOAKED in CULTURE DISHES

1. Light/Optical microscopy

2. Electron microscopy

3. X-ray microscopy

4. Scanning probe microscopy

Types of microscope based on material used for VISUALIZATION

Light miscrocope

• uses a beam of light to visualize a specimen

• most commonly used

Compound microscope

light microscope is also known as ____

Objective lens

First lens of light microscope

Ocular lens

Second lens of light microscope

Dark

in light microscope, objects appear _____ against a light background

4x

magnification of scanning objective

10x

magnification of low-power objective

40x

magnification of high-power objective

100x

magnification of oil immersion objective

Ocular magnification X Objective magnification

Total magnification can be calculated using this formula

Dark-field microscope

used for specimens that cannot be easily viewed with a bright-field microscope

Unstained

dark-field microscope is used for ____ specimens (stained or unstained)

Opaque condenser

dark-field microscope uses what type of condenser

Light

in dark-field microscope, objects appear _____ against a dark backgroun

Phase-Contrast microscope

adaptation of bright-field microscope, that uses phase rings attached to the objective and condenser

Phase-Contrast microscope

enhances visualization and details of specimen that uses LIVING or UNSTAINED cells

Fluorescence microscope

used to detect BACTERIA and VIRUSES within cells and tissues

Immunoflouresnce

Fluorescence microscope can detect bacteria and viruses within cells and tissues through _______

Fluorescence

property where atoms absorb light at a particular wavelength and EMIT LIGHT at longer wavelength

fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)

what stain does fluorescence microscope use

Electron microscopy

uses electrons instead of light to magnify images

1. Transmission electron microscope

2. Scanning electron microscope

Types of Electron microscope

Scanning electron microscope

useful for providing 3-DIMENSIONAL images of the surface of microscopic objects

Transmission electron microscope

provides a 2-DIMENSIONAL images of objects

Transmission electron microscope

best for visualizing viruses and ULTRASTRUCTURE of cell organelles

electromagnetic lens

in transmission electron microscope, electron that passes through and are gathered are focused by ______ to present an image

0.2 micrometres

light/optical microscopy resolutions to approximately ____