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Integumentary System
The system that includes the skin and its accessory structures, functioning as a protective barrier for the body.
Dermis
The thicker, inner layer of skin beneath the epidermis, made up of connective tissue.
Epidermis
The outermost layer of skin, composed mainly of squamous cells.
Hypodermis
The layer of subcutaneous tissue beneath the dermis, primarily consisting of fat and connective tissue.
Keratin
A type of protein found in skin, hair, and nails that provides structure and protection.
Sebaceous Glands
Glands in the skin that secrete oil (sebum) to lubricate hair and skin.
Sweat Glands
Glands that produce sweat for thermoregulation and excretion; also known as sudoriferous glands.
Stratum Basale
The deepest layer of the epidermis where cell division occurs.
Stratum Corneum
The outermost layer of the epidermis made up of dead, keratinized cells which provide a protective layer.
Melanin
A pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin that determines skin color and provides UV protection.
Basement Membrane
A thin layer of fibrous material that connects the epidermis to the dermis.
Dendritic Cells
Immune cells in the skin that help detect and fight pathogens.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
The type of epithelium forming the epidermis, consisting of multiple layers of flat cells.
Hypodermis
Also referred to as the subcutaneous layer, it primarily provides insulation and energy storage.
Hair Follicle
The structure in the dermis from which hair grows, containing the hair root and bulb.
Vascularity
The presence of blood vessels within the dermis, contributing to the skin's nutrient supply.
Aging and Skin
Changes in skin appearance and texture due to factors like loss of collagen and decreased elasticity.
Skin Function
Protection, sensation, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, and absorption.
Nails
Keratinized structures at the tips of fingers and toes that protect the digits.
Piloerector Muscle
Smooth muscle attached to hair follicles that causes hair to stand up (goosebumps) when contracted.
Skin Pigmentation
The color of the skin determined by factors such as melanin, keratin, and hemoglobin.
Exfoliation
The process of removing dead skin cells from the outer layer of the skin to promote new cell growth.
Dermal Papillae
Small, nipple-like projections in the dermis that interdigitate with the epidermis and increase the connection between the two layers.
Acne
A skin condition marked by the presence of blemishes and pimples due to blocked hair follicles.
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