Destination C1&C2 - Unit 20: Social issues and Power

abolish

[v.] to officially get rid of a law, system, practice, etc

advocate

[v.] to publicly support a particular policy or way of doing things

alleviate

[v.] to make something less painful, severe or serious

bureaucracy

[n.] complicated and annoying system of rules and processes

charity

[n.] an organisation to which you give money so that it can give money and help to people who are poor or ill, or who need advice and support

class

[n.] one of the groups into which people in a society are divided according to their family background, education, job or income

community

[n.] the people who in live in an area

convict

[v.] to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime

convict

[n.] someone who is in prison because they have committed a crime

corruption

[n.] dishonest or illegal behaviour by officials or people in positions of power, especially when they accept money in exchange for doing things for someone

deterrent

[n.] something that makes people decide not to do something by making them realise that something unpleasant could happen to them

heritage

[n.] the art, buildings, traditions and beliefs that a society considers important to its history and culture

immigration

[n.] the process in which people enter a country in order to live s there permanently

industrial action

[n. phr.] a protest in which workers show that they disagree with a policy of their employer, for example by striking

institution

[n.] large organisation such as a bank, hospital, university or prison

legislation

[n.] law or set of laws

prejudice

[n.] an unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially the feeling of not liking a particular group of people

prison reform

[n. phr.] changes intended to make the prison system fairer or more effective

privileged

[adj.] having advantages and opportunities that other people do not have, because you have a lot of money or high social status

prosecute

[v.] to officially accuse someone of a crime and ask a court of law to judge them

state

[n.] the government of a country

aggression

[n.] an angry feeling that makes you want to attack or defeat someone else

authority

[n.] the power to make decisions or tell people what to do

benign

[adj.] kind and nice

bully

[v.] to frighten or hurt someone who iS smaller or weaker than you

bully

[n.] someone who frightens or hurts someone who is smaller or weaker than they are

command

[v.] to officially order someone to do something

command

[n.] an official order

conquer

[v.] to take control of land or people using soldiers

conquer

[v.] to gain control of a situation or emotion by making a great physical or mental effort

consent

[v.] to give approval for something

consent

[n.] permission to do something

controversy

[n.] a disagreement, especially about a public policy or a moral issue that lot of people have strong feelings about

dictator

[n.] someone who uses force to take and keep power in a country

to dominate

[v.] to control something or someone, often in negative way, because you have more power or influence

eliminate

[v.] to get rid of something that is not or wanted or needed

enforce

[v.] to make sure that a law or rule is obeyed by people

entitled

[adj.] having the right to do something

exempt

[adj.] allowed to ignore something such as a rule, obligation or payment

former

[adj.] used for describing someone or something that had particular job, title, status, etc in the past, but not now

impose

[v.] to introduce something such as new law or new system, and force people to accept it

inferior

[adj.] not as good as something else

intimidate

[v.] to deliberately make someone feel frightened especially so that they will do what you want

label

[v.] to use a word or phrase to describe someone or something, especially one that is not completely fair or true

label

[n.] word or phrase that is used to describe someone or something, especially one that is not completely fair or true

label

[n.] a piece of paper or material fastened to an object that gives information about it

liberate

[v.] to give someone the freedom to do what they want, for example by taking them out of a situation in which their behaviour is controlled

mainstream

[n.] ideas, methods or people that are considered ordinary or normal and accepted by most people

mainstream

[adj.] considered ordinary or normal and accepted or used by most people

master

[v.] to learn something thoroughly so that you know it or can do it very well

master

[n.] a man who has control over servants or other people who work for him

minister

[n.] an official in charge of a government department in the UK and other countries

monarch

[n.] a king or queen

prohibit

[v.] to officially stop something from being done, especially by making it illegal

reign

[v.] if a king or queen reigns, they officially rule country

reign

[n.] the period of time when king or queen rules a country

reinforce

[v.] to make an idea, belief or feeling stronger

reluctant

[adj.] not willing to do something

resist

[v.] to oppose or fight against someone or something

resist

[v.] to stop yourself from doing something that you would very much like to do

restrict

[v.] to keep something within strict limits

society

[n.] people in general living together in organised communities, with laws and traditions controlling the way they behave towards one another

subject

[v.] to make someone experience something unpleasant

subject

[n.] an idea, problem, situation, etc that you discuss or write about

subject

[n.] someone who lives in a country that is controlled by king or queen

subjective

[adj.] based on your own feelings and ideas and not on facts

submit

[v.] to accept that someone has defeated you or has power over you

summon

[v.] to officially order someone to come to a place, especially a court of law

superior

[adj.] better than someone or something else in quality or skill

undermine

[v.] to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident or successful

unrest

[n.] angry or violent behaviour by people who are protesting against something

victimise

[v.] to treat someone in a deliberately unfair way

vulnerable

[adj.] someone who is vulnerable is weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally