A and P 2 hormones

TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone) action

Stimulatory (+); stimulates the release of TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) and Prolactin (PRL).

CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) action

Stimulatory (+); stimulates the release of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone).

GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) action

Stimulatory (+); stimulates the release of FSH and LH.

GHRH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone) action

Stimulatory (+); stimulates the release of Growth Hormone (GH).

PIH (Prolactin-Inhibiting Hormone / Dopamine) action

Inhibitory (-); inhibits the secretion of Prolactin (PRL).

Somatostatin action

Inhibitory (-); inhibits the secretion of Growth Hormone (GH) and TSH.

FLAT PEG mnemonic breakdown

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH (Tropic hormones) | PRL, (Endorphins), GH (Direct hormones).

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) overview

Source: Anterior Pituitary | Target: Ovaries, Testes | Function: Follicle growth & estrogen secretion (females), sperm production (males).

LH (Luteinizing Hormone) overview

Source: Anterior Pituitary | Target: Ovaries, Testes | Function: Ovulation & corpus luteum maintenance (females), testosterone secretion (males).

TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) overview

Source: Anterior Pituitary | Target: Thyroid Gland | Function: Growth of thyroid gland; secretion of thyroid hormones (T3, T4).

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) overview

Source: Anterior Pituitary | Target: Adrenal Cortex | Function: Growth of adrenal cortex; stimulates Glucocorticoid (Cortisol) release.

PRL (Prolactin) overview

Source: Anterior Pituitary | Target: Mammary Glands | Function: Promotes milk synthesis/production in breast tissue.

GH (Growth Hormone) overview

Source: Anterior Pituitary | Target: Liver, Bone, Muscle, Fat | Function: Widespread tissue growth, mitosis, protein synthesis, releases IGF-1.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone / Vasopressin) overview

Source: Posterior Pituitary (made in Hypothalamus) | Target: Kidneys (Collecting ducts) | Function: Water reabsorption, decreases urine volume, raises blood pressure.

OT (Oxytocin) overview

Source: Posterior Pituitary (made in Hypothalamus) | Target: Uterus, Mammary Glands | Function: Labor contractions, milk ejection/release, emotional/social bonding.

Synthesis location of posterior pituitary hormones (ADH & OT)

Hypothalamus (stored in and released from the Posterior Pituitary).

Differences in mammary gland effects: PRL vs. OT

PRL promotes milk synthesis/production; OT promotes milk ejection/release (letdown).

Hormones inhibited by Somatostatin

Growth Hormone (GH) and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH).

Hormones stimulated by TRH

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Prolactin (PRL).

Primary target structures of ADH

Kidney collecting ducts.

Target organ and secretor product of ACTH

Target: Adrenal Cortex | Product: Glucocorticoids (specifically Cortisol).

Secondary mediator molecule released by liver in response to GH

IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1).

Target organs of Growth Hormone (GH)

Liver, Bone, Muscle, Fat.

Thyroid hormones released in response to TSH stimulation

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4).

Posterior Pituitary Hormones list

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone / Vasopressin) and OT (Oxytocin).