chapter 10 flashcards

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42 Terms

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Actual Group
People who have formed into an official group that raises money, accepts members, and lobbies in Washington.
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Beltway Bandits
Large not-for-profit firms with trade representatives or lobbyists in Washington who win federal grants and contracts.
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Client Politics
A situation where a government agency services as well as regulates a distinct group.
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Collective Good
Something of value that cannot be withheld from a group member.
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Cue (Political)
A signal provided by interest groups that tells a politician what values are at stake in an issue.
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Direct Mail
The solicitation of funding through letter campaigns.
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Dirty Dozen
A list of legislators who voted most frequently against environmental measures, compiled by an environmental interest group.
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Electioneering
Direct group involvement in the electoral process, including funding campaigns and mobilizing members.
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Elitism
The belief that those who form an elite are more likely to be constructive to society.
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Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946
An act restricting lobbying efforts involving direct contacts with members of Congress.
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Federalist 10
A paper arguing that the latent causes of faction are sown in the nature of man.
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Free-Rider Problem
When people who could be part of a group are not, yet still benefit from the group's lobbying efforts.
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Hyperpluralism
A theory suggesting that strong groups can weaken the government.
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Section 501(c)(3) Organizations
Nonprofit groups that can address political matters but cannot lobby or campaign.
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Section 501(c)(4) Organizations
Nonprofit groups allowed to lobby and campaign, with non-deductible donations.
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Selective Benefits
Certain benefits provided by groups to keep members involved and attract new members.
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Single-Issue Groups
Groups focused on one issue and advocate for it in Washington.
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Grassroots Support
Public backing for a policy that arises from public opinion.
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Ideological Interest Groups
Political organizations attracting members by appealing to political convictions.
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Incentive (Political)
Something of value that one cannot obtain without joining an organization.
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Insider Strategy
Lobbyists working closely with key members of Congress, meeting privately to exchange information.
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Institutional Interests
Individuals or organizations representing other organizations.
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Interest Groups
Organizations that seek to influence public policy.
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Iron Triangles
A network of groups within the political system that controls specific policy areas.
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Issue Public
The segment of the public directly affected by a governmental policy.
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Lobbying
Activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators.
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Lobbyist
A person attempting to influence government decisions on behalf of an interest group.
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Material Benefit Incentives
Tangible items, like money or services, that attract people to join organizations.
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Membership Interests
Interest groups comprised of those who voluntarily join.
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Outsider Strategy
A plan used by lobbyists employing grassroots lobbying.
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PACs
Private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns.
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PIRGs
Organizations that gather information on consumer topics, first organized by Ralph Nader.
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Pluralism
A theory that holds that multiple competing groups can check excessive power by any one group.
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Potential Group
Individuals who fit a group category but are not involved in actual group activities.
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Public-Interest Lobby
Organizations seeking a collective good that does not selectively benefit the members.
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Purposive Incentive
The satisfaction derived from serving a cause that does not benefit one personally.
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Ratings
An assessment of a representative's voting record on issues important to an interest group.
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Revolving-Door Influence
The practice of lobbying officials with promises of employment after government service.
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Right-To-Work-Laws
State laws forbidding requirements for workers to join a union to keep their jobs.
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Social Movement
A widely shared demand for social or political change.
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Solidary Incentives
The sense of pleasure, status, or companionship arising from group membership.
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Union Shop
A provision requiring all employees to join a union within a certain period.