Generic Drug List Review Fall 2025 - Spring 2026

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering generic drug names, classes, indications, mechanisms of action, and adverse reactions based on the Fall 2025 and Spring 2026 lecture notes.

What is the indication and mechanism of action for Levothyroxine?

Indicated for Hypothyroidism and Myxedema coma; it acts as a synthetic T4 hormone.

Which adverse drug reactions are associated with Metformin?

GI (N/V/D, flatulence, bloating), decreased vitamin $B12$ absorption, and rare lactic acidosis.

What is the drug class and mechanism of action for Empagliflozin?

Class: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 ($SGLT2$) Inhibitor; MOA: inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 ($SGLT2$).

Does Glipizide require renal and hepatic dose adjustments?

Yes, Glipizide requires both renal and hepatic dose adjustments.

What is the mechanism of action for Latanoprost (ophthalmic)?

It mimics natural prostaglandins to increase aqueous humor outflow.

What are the indications and primary ADRs for Timolol (ophthalmic)?

Indications: Open-angle glaucoma and Ocular hypertension; ADRs: Eye irritation, headache, and signs of systemic absorption.

Which drug class does Triamcinolone belong to, and what are its common topical ADRs?

Class: Corticosteroid; ADRs: Local burning, itching, skin atrophy, and secondary infection.

What is the mechanism of action for Simvastatin?

It is a competitive inhibitor of $HMG-CoA$ reductase.

Identify the indication and a rare, serious ADR for Semaglutide.

Indications: type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease; ADR: rare- pancreatitis, renal impairment, and medullary thyroid carcinoma.

What is the mechanism of action for Lisinopril?

It inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme ($ACE$).

What are the clinical indications for Losartan?

Hypertension, heart failure, and proteinuria.

What specific laboratory finding is associated with Nitrofurantoin use in patients with $G6PD$ deficiency?

Hemolytic anemia.

What is the mechanism of action for Fluconazole?

It interferes with fungal Cytochrome $P450$ to inhibit ergosterol synthesis.

What are the indications and mechanism for Valacyclovir?

Indications: Genital herpes, Shingles, Cold sores, and Chickenpox; MOA: It is a prodrug of acyclovir that inhibits $DNA$ synthesis and viral replication.

Which antibiotic class does Doxycycline belong to, and what is its MOA?

Class: Tetracycline antibiotic; MOA: binds to $30s$ ribosomal subunit.

What is the mechanism of action for Warfarin?

It antagonizes vitamin K by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 ($VKORC1$).

What is the mechanism of action for Omeprazole?

It suppresses the $H+/K+$ ATPase enzyme system to inhibit gastric acid production.

What are the indications for Meclizine?

Motion sickness and Vertigo.

Which neurotransmitters does Duloxetine inhibit the reuptake of?

Serotonin and norepinephrine.

What is the mechanism of action for Zolpidem?

It enhances activity of $GABA$ via agonism at the benzodiazepine-1 receptor.

What are the specific neurotransmitter receptors targeted by Aripiprazole?

It acts as a partial agonist at dopamine and serotonin receptors.

How does Cyclobenzaprine work to treat muscle spasms?

It reduces tonic somatic motor activity at the brain stem.

What are the indications for Lamotrigine?

Seizures and Bipolar disorder.

What is the mechanism of action for Donepezil?

It is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that decreases the amount of acetylcholine available at cholinergic synapses.

What is the mechanism of action for Lisdexamfetamine?

It is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine that causes $CNS$ stimulation and promotes the release of norepinephrine and dopamine.