Histology of cardiovascular system

What are the 3 layers of the general vascular structure

1. tunica intima

2. tunica media

3. tunica adventitia

The tunica intima is comprised of _____ and ______

• endothelial cells

• basement membrane

The key functions of the endothelial cells of the tunic interna are what?

• coagulation properties

• leukocyte adhesion

how do endothelial cells play a role in coagulation

• at rest it is an anticoagulant

• during and injury it is procagulant

The tunica media is made of _____ and _____

1. smooth muscle cells

2. extracellular matrix

The main components of the tunica media extracellular matrix are what

• elastin

• ground substance

These two structures oftentimes delineate the borders of the tunica media

• internal elastic lamina

• external elastic lamina

when comparing an artery and vein which will have a larger tunica media

artery

Some key cells that make up the tunica adventitia are

• loose fibrous connective tissue

• adipose cells

what are the best ways to determine what type of vessels you are looking at

• luminal diameter/size

• Tunica media width

as the arteries get further away from the heart what happens

the diameter gets smaller

In addition to the diameter what also gets smaller

the tunica media

What type of artery comes directly off the heart

elastic aorta

An elastic artery deals with high pressure and volume making it have a thick ______ and a lot of ______ throughout

• tunica media

• elastin

the elastic aorta is also known as the what

aorta

after the aorta the artery becomes a ___ artery

muscular

what are the 2 types of muscular arteries

• large

• small

in large muscular arteries they contain only _____ and ____ instead of elastin fibers throughout

• internal elastic laminate

• external elastic lamina

in small muscular arteries they have no what

internal and external elastic laminate

instead of internal and external laminae small muscular arteries have ______ only

smooth muscle

what artery form is the furthest from the heart

arteriole

what structures facilitate nutrient transfer

capillaries

what are the 3 types of capillary morphology

• continuous

• fenestrated

• sinusoidal

in fenestrated capillary morphology what happens to the structures

• fenestrated endothelium

• continuous basal lamina

in sinusoidal capillary’s what happens to the structure

• fenestrated endothelium

• incomplete basal lamina

what organ contains a continuous capillary

brain

what organ contains a fenestrated capillary

glomeruli

what organ contains an sinusoidal capillary

liver

what takes place in post capilllary venules

leukocyte diapedesis

the valve of a vein is an extension of what layer of the vessel

tunica intima

The final destination of the lymphatic system is

veins

like the veins the lymphatic system also contains

valves

what are the 3 layer of the heart from inside to outside

1. endocardium

2. myocardium

3. epicardium/pericardium

in the heart valve are an extension of what layer of the heart

endocardium

the charade tendinae is where the ___ attaches

valve

the conduction skeleton of the heart is comprised of what

myocardium

what are the main differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle

1. branching

2. prominent connective tissue

3. centrally located nuclei

4. intercalated discs

in the hearty the myocardium is thicker on which heart ventricle

left ventricle

modified cardiac myofibers make up the conduction system of the heart two of these modified myofibers are known as _____ and _____

• SA/AV node

• purkinje cells

connective tissue around the valves of the heart are known as the ______

fibrous skeleton

what are the gross parts of the pericardium

• visceral pericardium

• parietal pericardium

the visceral pericardium can also be known as the ______

epicardium

what are the components of the parietal pericardium

• serous

• fibrous

what component of the parietal pericardium lines the actual cavity

the serous component