Module 2 - Cells of the Nervous System

The central nervous system contains:

the brain and spinal cord, which process information and coordinate responses.

What are bundles of individual neuron (axons) in the peripheral nervous system called?

nerves

What is the main function of a sensory neuron?

They detect changes in the environment and send that information to the CNS

What are the key elements of a neruon?

Cell body, dendrites axon, which together transmit electrical signals throughout the nervous system.

Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?

Soma

Which part of a neuron is involved in receiving messages from other neuron’s?

dendrites

The neuron sending a message is called (blank) cell. The neuron receiving a message is called the

presynaptic, postsyanptic

Axons at rest have a (blank) electrical charge called the resting potential

negative

Which part of a neuron carries the action potential?

axon

What is the chemical released from terminal buttons into the synapse called?

neurotransmitter

What type of cell is an astrocyte?

glial cell that supports neurons and maintains the blood-brain barrier.

What type of glial cell creates the myelin sheath surrounding axons in the central nervous system?

Obligodendrocytes

The cells forming the blood brain barrier are:

tightly packed together

In relation to the withdrawal reflex, which type of neuron would form a synapse with a motor neuron to decrease the chance of muscular contraction occurring?

inhibitory interneuron

Depolarisation makes it (blank) likely that an action potential will occur in a neuron

more

The process of molecules moving from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration is called

diffusion

Organic anions are concentrated in (blank) fluid, helping to contribute to the overall negative charge of a neuron at rest.

intracellular

The sodium potassium pump tries to keep sodium ions (blank) of a neuron at rest

outside

Ion channels that open up when a cell reaches the threshold of excitation are a type of:

voltage dependent ion channel

A strong muscle contraction would occur following

an increase in the firing rate of motor neurone

Nodes of Ranvier allow for (blank) conduction along an axon

saltatory

In the membrane potential of a neuron has changes as the result of neurotransmitter binding, what has occured?

postsynaptic potential

Do neurotransmitters enter into the postsynaptic cell?

No. They bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

Following neurotransmitter binding (blank) on the postsynaptic receptor open allowing charges particles to move in and out of a cell

neurotransmitter dependent ion channels

Ionotropic receptors are

direct

Monotropic receptors are

indirect and involve second messengers.

The opening of a neurotransmitter dependent, sodium ion channel result in:

an excitatory postsynaptic potential

The opening of a neurotransmitter dependent, potassium ion channel results in:

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

When a neurotransmitter released into the synapse is rapidly removed by the terminal button via special transport molecules (blank) has occurred.

reuptake

Neutral integration of postsynaptic potentials at the axon hillock help determine whether (blank) occurs

an action potential