GCSE History : Germany

Hitler joins german workers party

1919, september

Spartacists rebellion

1919

Social democrats make Weimer Republic

1919

Treaty of Versailles

1919

SA formed

1920

Kapp Putsch

1920

Beer hall/Munich putsch

1923

Invasion of Ruhr

1923

Hyperinflation

1923

Dawes Plan

1924

Hitler leaves prison

1924

SS formed

1925

Locarno Parties

1925

Nazis hold nuremberg rallies

1927

Young plan

1929

Wall street crash (depression)

1929

Unemployment reaches 4 million

1930

Von Papen made chancellor

1932

Von Schleicher made chancellor

1932

Nazi largest party but no majority yet

1932

HITLER MADE CHANCELLOR

1933

Reichstag fire

1933

Enabling act

1933

Trade unions banned

1933

Local political parties banned

1933

Jewish Boycotss

1933

Gestapo formed

1933

Hindenburg death

1934

Army swear oath of loyalty

1934

HITLER IS FUHRER!!!

1934

Night of long knives

1934

Nuremberg laws

1935

Lebensborn programme

1935

Olympics (host nation)

1936

Kristallnacht / night of broken glass

1938

Divorce law changed (men can leave infertile women)

1938

Ghettos

1939

Hitler Youth is made complusory

1939

WW2 STARTS!

1939

War going very well

1939-41

Britain reject peace talks

1940

Einsatzgruppe

1941

Nuremberg bombed

1941

Heydrich shot

1942

Final Solution began (killing jews)

1942

War is evens

1941-43

War makes a bad turn

1943-45

Operation Valkyrie (attack on Hitler)

1944

Conscription for women under 50 in factories

1944

Conscription for EVERYONE between 16 - 60

1945

Allies enter germany

1944

Hitler suicide

1945

WW2 ENDS!

1945

Goebbels suicide

1946

Nazis disbanded

1946

Germany united

1870

Kiel Mutiny

1918

WW1 starts

1914

Turnip winter

1918

Kaiser abdicates and ww1 ends

1918

Nazis have 24 seats

December 1924

Nazis have 14 seats

May 1928

Nazis have 107 seats

September 1930

Nazis have 230 seats

July 1932

Political prisoners oppose nazis

1933-35

Edelweiss pirates

1938-44

White rose group

1942-43

Confessional church

1933-45

5 reasons why nazis gained support before 1928?

-Change of tactics, nazis would happily get rid of unpopular ideas

-Hitler's oratory skill convinced people

-Propaganda, Goebbels was fantastic at enticing people

-Work of SA, Violence and intimidation

-Groups, Hitler Youth and League of german maidens

4 reasons why the Nazis did not gain power in 1928?

-Too extreme, scared people as well as anti semitism

-Stresemann success

-Lacked support from working class

-Hitler banned from speaking following munich

What happened in 1929?

Wall street crash

What was the Wall street crash?

greatest stock market crash in the history of the United States, meaning USA no longer could loan germany and demanded all money to be paid back NOW so germany collapsed.

Why did Germany collapse?

Big businesses all went bankrupt as couldn't afford money to pay USA back

How much did germany economy shrink by?

50%

Effects of depression on employment?

-40% of factory workers unemployed

-50% of youth unemployed

-Many german firms went bankrupt

-6 million unemployed

Other effects of depression?

People lost home

Farmers struggled (homeless also robbed fields)

Homeless went to soup kitchens

3 ways government unsuccessfully tried to stop depression?

Raise food prices (help farmers)

Government raised taxes to help economy

Cut unemployement tax (6 million people)

5 Nazi promises during depression?

- Destroy TOV

-Solve economic crisis, get employment

-Restore army and its power

-Make germany powerful again

-Be strong leaders

These nazi promises during the depression were the _______ as before but people were so ________ that they believed them!

same

desperate

How did fear of communism help nazis?

many middle class people turned to nazis just to make sure communists don't get power

rich people even gave money to nazis

How Hitler's leadership helped nazis?

charismatic and influential public speaker, made people believe, surrounded by loyal men

How Nazi propaganda helped nazis?

Latest technology

Travelled fast by plane

Mass rallies

Posters

How their local organisations helped nazis?

Hitler youth and league of german maidens

-Helped unemployed with soup kitchens

-SA, good reputation for being disciplined and organised

- ran public meetings, well trained speakers

How weak oppositions helped nazis?

Communists and SPD battled each other and voters lost trust in them due to depression and hyperinflation

How political problems helped nazis?

-Stresemann died, chance for nazis

- No party had a majority

-Government worsened depression

- Hindenburg ruled by decree

The political deal of 1932?

Nazis were largest but no majority so

1) Von Papen made chancellor, reichstag didn't like

2) Von schleicher was then made chancellor but only lasted months

3) Von papen persuaded Hindenburg to elect hitler as chancellor and him as von papen.

VON PAPEN COULDN'T CONTROL HIM

Date Hitler is made chancellor?

30 JANUARY 1933

30 jan 1933?

Hitler chancellor

4 reasons why Hitler still had little power despite being chancellor?

-No majority, disagree with reichstag

-May lose next election

-Hindenburg can fire him

-Hitler doesnt make law, reichstag does

7 steps to Fuhrer?

1) Reichstag fire

2) New elections

3) Enabling act

4) Trade unions/ political parties banned

5) Night of long knives

6) Death of Hindenburg

7) Oath of army

Reichstag fire? 1933

burnt down by Marinus Van Der Lubbe (KPD)

Hitler persuaded Hindenburg to let hitler rule by decree through communist fear.

Hitler then banned what through rule by decree?

freedom of speech, meaning only Nazis and KPD left but they were weakened by SA and jailed

New election? 1933

Hitler called election and scared off rivals to mean Nazis win but only 52%

How did the Nazis gain the majority?

Hitler banned law for protection of germany people meaning communist party was expelled!

Giving nazis majority

Enabling act? 1933

Now they had majority, they passed enabling act allowing Hitler to rule by decree whenever

Trade unions/ parties banned? 1933

There is now only 1 political party and no resistance so no strikes can happen !

night of long knives? 1934

Ernst Roehm and 400 SA leaders were killed by Hitler , done to prevent Roehm getting power as wanted merge SA with army

Why did the night of long knives help hitler?

-No Threat

-Army were very grateful and liked him now

Death of Hindenburg? 1934

HITLER IS FUHRER

Oath of army? 1934

Army swore oath of loyalty to Hitler, Now full control