Clinical Psychology pt.2 flashcards

Eclectic approach

"An approach to psychology that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Example: A therapist combines cognitive-behavioral techniques with mindfulness strategies to address a client’s anxiety.”

Resistance

"In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

Example: A client suddenly stops talking about a traumatic event when the therapist brings it up, indicating resistance.”

Interpretation

"In psychoanalysis, the analysis noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Example: A therapist interprets a client's recurring dream about being chased as a reflection of their fears about an upcoming life decision.”

Transference

"In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships.

Example: A client begins to express feelings of anger toward the therapist, mirroring unresolved issues with a parental figure.”

Client-centered therapy

"A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathetic environment to facilitate client's growth.

Example: A therapist creates a safe space for a client to talk about their feelings without judgment, helping them explore their thoughts on a recent breakup.”

Active-listening

"Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.

Example: During a therapy session, the therapist reflects back what the client says to ensure they feel heard and understood.”

Counterconditioning

"Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors, including exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.

Example: A therapist helps a child overcome a fear of dogs by allowing them to interact with a friendly dog while providing positive reinforcement.”

Exposure therapies

"Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid.

Example: A person with a fear of heights uses virtual reality exposure therapy to gradually face their fear in a controlled environment.”

Systematic desensitization

"A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasure-related state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Example: A therapist works with a client who has a phobia of flying, starting with looking at pictures of airplanes, then gradually progressing to visiting an airport.”

Aversive conditioning

"A type of counter conditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.

Example: A therapist uses aversive conditioning by pairing the taste of a bitter substance with alcohol to help a client reduce their drinking.”

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

"A confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions.

Example: A therapist helps a client realize that their belief that they must be perfect is irrational and leads to procrastination.”

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

"A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy.

Example: A therapist works with a client to identify negative thought patterns and teaches coping strategies to change their behaviors.”

Antipsychotic Drugs

"Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.

Example: A person with schizophrenia may be prescribed risperidone to manage symptoms such as delusions.”

Antianxiety Drugs

"Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.

Example: A client may be prescribed lorazepam to help manage acute anxiety before an important event.”

Antidepressant Drugs

"Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Example: A doctor prescribes fluoxetine (Prozac) to a patient experiencing major depressive disorder.”

Sigmund Freud

"The founder of psychoanalysis, known for his theories related to the unconscious mind.

Example: Freud’s work on dream analysis has influenced many therapeutic practices, leading individuals to explore their subconscious thoughts.”

Carl Rogers

"A humanistic psychologist known for developing client-centered therapy.

Example: A therapist adapts Rogers' principles by offering unconditional positive regard to help clients feel accepted and valued.”

Mary Cover Jones

"A pioneering psychologist who is known for her work in behavior therapy and counterconditioning.

Example: Jones successfully used counterconditioning to help a child overcome a fear of rabbits by presenting the rabbit to them while being given a treat.”

B.F. Skinner

"An influential American psychologist known for his work in operant conditioning and behaviorism.

Example: Skinner’s research with rats in a Skinner box demonstrated how positive reinforcement could increase the likelihood of a behavior.”

Albert Ellis

"The psychologist who developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT).

Example: A client learns to challenge their irrational belief that “everyone must like me” using principles from REBT.”

Aaron Beck

"The psychiatrist known for developing Cognitive Therapy, which addresses dysfunctional thinking.

Example: A therapist uses cognitive therapy techniques to help a client reframe negative thoughts about themselves.”