Exam 2: Perceptual & Cognitive Development across the Life-Span

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on Perceptual & Cognitive Development across the Life-Span.

What are the major characteristics of self-understanding during the life-span?

Self recognition, traits, organization, external vs. internal, inflation & accuracy, others’ opinions, social comparisons, differentiation, identity, social roles, stability, life review, optimal aging.

What is temperament and how is it influenced?

Temperament refers to the biologically based individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity, influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

What does 'goodness of fit' refer to in temperament development?

Goodness of fit refers to how well a child's temperament matches the demands and expectations of their environment.

What are the Big 5 components of personality?

The Big 5 components are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

What approaches explain gender development?

Biological approach, socialization approach, and cognitive approach (gender-schema theory).

What are the three levels of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?

Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

What are the three parenting approaches related to moral development?

Love withdrawal, induction, and power assertion.

What is the significance of self-regulation in moral development?

Self-regulation involves managing one's emotions and behaviors, which is crucial for developing morality.

How does culture impact moral development?

Culture influences what is considered moral behavior and shapes the values and beliefs underlying moral reasoning.

What are the major milestones in self-understanding from Infancy to Late Adulthood?

Development progresses from simple self-recognition in infancy to complex identity and self-reflection in late adulthood.

Describe the role of temperament and personality in well-being across the life-span.

Temperament and personality can predict adjustment and well-being, affecting individual responses to challenges and optimal aging.

What changes in sexuality occur from Adolescence to Late Adulthood?

Sexual attitudes, behaviors, and challenges evolve, reflecting changes in relationships, identity, and social norms.

What are the general conclusions about gender differences?

Gender differences can be observed in traits, behaviors, and roles, influenced by biological and socialization factors.

What is the goal of studying socioemotional development across the life-span?

To distinguish theories, describe influences, identify characteristics, and recognize cultural differences in socioemotional growth.

How can developmental stability of temperament and personality be described?

Temperament and personality often show continuity and consistency over time, despite potential changes due to environmental influences.