Anthropology Study Guide for Exam 1

What is the definition of Anthropology?

Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies, cultures, and development.

What distinguishes Anthropology from other fields like Psychology and Sociology?

Anthropology is distinct for its holistic approach to studying humans, emphasizing cultural and biological aspects.

What are the four main subfields of Anthropology?

Cultural Anthropology, Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology.

What does Cultural Anthropology examine?

Cultural Anthropology studies social patterns and practices across cultures.

What is cultural relativism?

Cultural relativism is the principle of understanding and evaluating a culture based on its own values and practices rather than comparing it to another culture.

What is ethnocentrism?

Ethnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture and the tendency to view other cultures through the lens of one's own.

What is the scientific method in Anthropology?

The scientific method is a systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, along with the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.

What is the importance of fieldwork in Anthropology?

Fieldwork is crucial for anthropologists to gather firsthand information and understand cultures from an insider's perspective.

How do Anthropologists define culture?

Culture is defined as the shared beliefs, behaviors, and practices of a group of people.

What is the difference between enculturation and acculturation?

Enculturation is the process of learning one's own culture, while acculturation involves adapting to a different culture.

What is a cross-cultural perspective?

A cross-cultural perspective analyzes and compares cultural differences and similarities across various societies.

What are the mechanisms of change in populations?

Genetic mechanisms include gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection, and mutation; non-genetic mechanisms include niche construction.

Who was Charles Darwin?

Charles Darwin was a naturalist known for his contributions to the theory of evolution and the concept of natural selection.

What does adaptation refer to in an evolutionary context?

Adaptation refers to the process by which organisms evolve traits that enhance their survival and reproduction.

What is globalization?

Globalization is the process by which cultures and economies around the world become interconnected.

How do Anthropologists study global interconnections?

Anthropologists study global interconnections through ethnography, comparative analysis, and the examination of cultural practices across different societies.

What is postcolonialism?

Postcolonialism is a theoretical approach that critiques the cultural legacy of colonialism and its impacts on societies.

What is world systems theory?

World systems theory analyzes global economic systems in terms of core, semi-periphery, and periphery nations.