Fricatives plosives and affricates Eg S Is noise resulted from constricted airflow Has a aperiodic waveform- no regular waves
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Phases of plosive production
Plosive burst\= release of articulation - at end of consonant Hold phase\= before plosive burst release - no sound occurs - aspiration occurs after a plosive
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Aperiodic english soundless
Voice3less fricatives - f the, s , sh, h Voiceless plosives- p t k Voiceless africate - ch
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Aperiodic waveform
Waves have no regular cycles
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Affricates sound process
Includes a plosive (stop) element then a fricative element
Multiple pronunciation variants for the same phonological unit
Eg bottle and bo?le
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Aspiration
Pt k are aspirated when in initial position and with a stressed syllable
But are not aspirated when in cluster eg spot
Are aspirated when on their own- pot, pan, pen
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Devoicing of liquids and glides
When unvoiced plosives are up before a stressed vowel they become devoiced- o below LRWJ
L R W J all are devoiced when applied after plosives PTK
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Dental realisations of alveolar sounds
Alveolar stops /t/, /d/ and /n/ and the alveolar lateral approximant /l/ are realised as dental articulations when they occur before a dental fricative - /θ/ and /ð/ )
The th when your Tongue touches between teeth
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Devoicing of plosives in word initial position
B d g - voiced plosives
When at start or end of word they become devoiced
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Clear and dark L
plain \[l\] (‘clear l’) and velarised \[ɫ\] (‘dark l’)
\[l\] in the onset of a syllable, \[ɫ\] in the rhyme of a syllable: