UNIT 0.A+B AP PSYCH EXAM

Biological Perspective

Focuses on how genetics, the brain, and the nervous system influence behavior.

Behavioral Perspective

Emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the effects of learning and environment.

Cognitive Perspective

Studies mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Humanistic Perspective

Highlights personal growth and the concept of self-actualization; emphasizes individual potential.

Psychodynamic Perspective

Focusses on unconscious motives and conflicts, especially those stemming from childhood.

Evolutionary Perspective

Examines how behavior and mental processes have developed through evolution.

Sociocultural Perspective

Investigates how social and cultural factors influence behavior and mental processes.

Biopsychosocial Perspective

examines how the brain, nervous system, genetics, and hormones influence human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Case Study

An in-depth investigation of a single individual, group, or event to explore complex issues and generate insights though findings may not be generalizable.

Naturalistic Observation

Observing subjects in their natural environments without intervention, allowing for the study of behaviors in real-world contexts but with less control over variables.

Correlational Study

Research method that examines the relationship between two variables to determine if a correlation exists, without establishing a cause-and-effect relationship.

Meta-Analysis

A statistical technique that combines data from multiple studies to identify trends, patterns, and overall effects across the literature, increasing the understanding of a phenomenon.

Experimental Method

A method that involves manipulating one or more independent variables to observe their effect on a dependent variable, allowing for conclusions about causality in controlled conditions.

Informed Consent

Researchers must ensure that participants understand the purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits of the study and voluntarily agree to participate.

Assent

For participants who are not of legal age or unable to provide informed consent, researchers must obtain agreement from guardians or legal representatives, alongside the participants' willingness to participate.

Confidentiality

Participant information must be kept private and secure, ensuring that personal data is not disclosed without consent.

Anonymity

Participants’ identities must be protected, and they should not be identifiable in published results or data analysis.

Minimize Harm

Researchers must assess potential risks to participants and take steps to reduce any physical or psychological discomfort or harm.

Debriefing

After the study, participants should be informed about the study’s purpose, any deception used, and provided with resources for support if needed.

Limit Deception

Deception in research should be minimized and only used when absolutely necessary for the study's integrity, with participants informed as soon as possible afterward.

Drawback (right to withdraw)

human participants can leave a study at any time without penalty.

IRB (Institutional Review Board)

All research involving human participants must be reviewed and approved by an IRB to ensure ethical standards are met before commencing the study.