Core 1 Comptia

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101 Terms

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Physical
Physical Structures (Hubs, fiber, repeaters) bits
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Data
Formats data into frames (MAC/Ethernet)
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Network
Decides which physical path the data will take (Packets and IP)
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Transport
Transmit data using protocols in different parts (Segments)-(TCP, UDP)
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Session
Establish and terminates network communications (Data, tunneling, NFS, SQL)
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Presentation
Data representation and encryption (Data, compression)
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Application
End user layer (Data, HTTP)
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APIPA
169\.254.0.0 → 169.254.255.254
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Class A
10\.0.0.0 → 10.255.255.255
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Class B
172\.16.0.0 → 172.31.255.255
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Class C
192\.168.0.0 → 192.168.255.255
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IPv4
32 bit and 4 8-bit sections
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IPv6
126 bit and 8 blocks
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1 - 127
255\.0.0.0
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128 - 191
255\.255.0.0
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192 - 223
255\.255.255.0
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ping
127\.0.0.0
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445
Server Message Block (SMB) TCP/IP
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Secure Shell (SSH)
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Telnet
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427
Service Location Protocol (SLP)
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68
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) - the server
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67
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) - the client
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389
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
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137
NetBIOS over TCP
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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80
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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110
Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)
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Domain Name System (DNS)
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138
Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) UDP
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP) transfer control information
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548
Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
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3389
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
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20
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) transfer the data
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443
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
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143
Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)
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161
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) used by the SNMP manager to query agents
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162
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) used by agents to send alerts
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139
Server Message Block (SMB) NetBIOS
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Processing
Final page is stored in the memory (1)
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Charged
Drum is charged -600v by the Primary Corona (2)
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Exposing
Laser beam writes -100 v image to drum surface (3)
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Developing
Toner is applied to the surface of the drum (4)
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Transferring
The transfer roller puts a positive charge on the paper to pull the toner from the drum and onto the paper - Secondary corona wire (5)
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Fusing
Fuser assembly uses heat and pressure to fuse toner to paper - 400 degrees (6)
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Cleaning
The drum is cleaned of residual toner and the charge (7)
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Storage Attached Network (SAN)
A high-speed network for storing and sharing files 
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Body Area Network (BAN)
A very small network that consists of wearable or implanted devices such as a smart watch, fitness trackers, or medical implants.
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Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
Same as LAN but uses wireless connection/radio signal.
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A network that covers an area as small as a few city blocks to as large as an entire metropolitan city.
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Wide Area Network (WAN)
Group of LANs that are geographically isolated but are connected to form a large internetwork.
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Intranet
A private network that uses internet technologies.
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Extranet
A private network that uses internet technologies but its resources are made available to trusted external users.
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Routers
connect multiple networks together.
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Switches
connect multiple computers inside of a network together and manage traffic
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\n Subnet
A portion of a network with a common network address.
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Transmission media
The medium that is used to carry electrical or radio signals between connected network hosts.
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Network Interfaces
Converts the digital network data into a signal that can be transmitted along the transmission medium.
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FTP
Provides a generic method of transferring files, file security, and allows file transfer between dissimilar computer systems.
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SSH
Allows for secure interactive control of remote systems. All communication is encrypted and is used to remotely login to a network device, such as a switch.
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Telnet
Used to remotely connect to another system. All data is transmitted in cleartext
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SMTP
used when sending email
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HTTP
Used by web browsers and web servers to exchange web pages through the WWW and intranets.
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IMAP
Email retrieval protocol designed to enable users to access their email from various locations without transferring messages or files between computers.
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POP3
Downloads emails from a server to a single computer, making those emails only accessible on that specific computer
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Local Area Network (LAN)
Covers a small local area such as a home, office, ot other building
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SLP
Locating printers and supported by printing system such as CUPS
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Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
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PostScript
Slow, not found in many platforms, print files and memory requirements are larger. Graphics are detailed and identical print.
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Printer Control Language (PCL)
Fast Print Processing, Supported in many OS platforms. Not identical print copies and not supported in Macintosh.
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Cable Internet
Broadband technology that uses existing TV cables lines and is always connected (always up)
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DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
A group of broadband technologies that covers a wide range of speeds
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Fiber Optic
A dedicated point-to-point (PTP) connection - Television, internet data, and voice communication
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Satellite
Provides high-speed internet connections in remote areas, however, require line-of-site wireless connectivity and latency occurs when uploading
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A wireless internet service provider (WISP)
Provides wireless network coverage to a certain location using wireless broadband
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Long-range fixed wireless (LRFW)
Networks are used to provide low-cost, point-to-point connections - use antennas
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Wireless Access Point
Allows wireless device connections to LAN (SOHO can also be WAP)
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100-Mbps Ethernet
Fast Ethernet - typically uses copper cabling rated CAT-5 or higher
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1000-Mbps Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet - uses the twisted-pair cable and fiber-optic cable (CAT 6)
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10-gigabit ethernet
Typically uses fiber-optic cable
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UTP
Least expensive and most common cable
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STP
Cable uses a covering or shield around each pair of wires to protect it from EMI and cost more
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Coaxial
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Fiber cables
Transmit signals as pulses of light over glass or plastic strands inside protective tubing 
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Single-mode
cable uses a single path for light to travel through it
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Multi mode
 cable uses multiple paths for light
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Connectors of Fiber
ST (Straight Tip), LC (Lucent Connector), SC (Subscriber Connector)
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Power over Ethernet (POE)
Uses the power lines in a building to transmit data
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The internet of Things (IoT)
Describes physical devices that are connected directly to the network and communicate directly to the internet - improve quality of life
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Software-defined networking (SDN)
Uses software applications and programs to essentially virtualize networking 
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Crossover cable
Used to connect two like devices such as a hub to a hub or a PC to a PC
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568B
Orange/white, orange, green/white, blue, blue/white, green, brown/white, brown
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568A
Green/white, green, orange/white, blue, blue/white, orange, brown/white, brown
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Step 1 of Troubleshooting
Identify the Problem (Gather Information)
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Step 2 of Troubleshooting
Research
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Step 3 of Troubleshooting
Establish a theory of probable cause
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Step 4 of Troubleshooting
Test the theory
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Step 5 of Troubleshooting
Establish a plan of action
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Step 6 of Troubleshooting
Implement or Escalate
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Step 7 of Troubleshooting
Verify functionality