Sentence Types and Language Modifiers

Flashcards defining key sentence structures, modal verbs, and qualifying language terms along with their effects based on the provided notes.

Declarative sentence

A statement that presents information or an opinion. Its effect is that it can make an opinion sound factual, authoritative, or certain.

Rhetorical question

A question posed without requiring a genuine answer, often because the intended answer is obvious or implied. Its effect is that it engages the reader and guides them toward the writer's conclusion.

Imperative sentence

A command or direct instruction. Its effect is that it creates urgency and directly prompts action or agreement (e.g., "Act now before it is too late.").

Exclamatory sentence

A sentence marked by strong emotional force. Its effect is that it heightens intensity and emotional impact.

Minor sentence / sentence fragment

A deliberately incomplete or shortened sentence. Its effect is that it can create emphasis, certainty, urgency, or finality (e.g., "Enough is enough." / "No excuses. No delays.").

Modality modal verbs

Words such as "must," "will," "should," and "cannot" that express degrees of certainty, obligation, possibility, or inevitability. Its effect is that it strengthens or qualifies the writer's certainty and sense of obligation.

Hedging

Qualifying language such as "perhaps," "may," or "arguably." Its effect is that it can make a claim appear balanced, cautious, and reasonable, increasing credibility.

Boosters / intensifiers

Language that increases force or certainty, such as "clearly," "undeniably," "obviously," "very," "extremely," and "utterly." Its effect is that it increases perceived urgency, importance, or certainty and can discourage disagreement.

Minimisers / downtoners

Words such as "just," "merely," and "slightly" that reduce perceived significance or responsibility. Its effect is that it softens a claim or reduces the apparent seriousness of an issue.