Ancient Rome

Augustus Primaporta

Ara Pacis

Arch of Emperor Titus

Colosseum

Pantheon

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

Aeneid

Epic poem about Aeneas who leads survivors of the fall of Troy to the site of Rom, establishing the city’s foundation.

Virgil

Author of Aeneid

Aeneas

Trojan prince in the epic poem

Romulus and Remus

Twin brothers who founded the city of Rom and the Roman Kingdom

Orator Gesture

Features to convey emotions to their audience, emphasize points, and accompany certain types of speech.

Augustus Caesar

First emperor of Rome; originally named Octavian; Became emperor after defeating Antony and cleopatra at the Battle of Actium

Pax Romana

Agustus’ reign; Peace Rome

Verism

Exaggerate the subject’s natural features, such as wrinkles, lines, and furrows of the brow to emphasize the subject’s age to convey wisdom and maturity.

Senate

Governing and advisory council that was a permanent part of the Roman constitution

Julius Caesar

Roman general, politician, and dictator who helped end the Roman Republic and establish the Roman empire; assassinated by political rivals

Cuirass

Piece of armor that protected the torso of the wearer from the beck to the waist

Bust

Sculpture of a head and may include the neck and part of the torse

Flavian Dynasty

Roman Imperial dynasty; second dynastic line of emperors to rule the Roman Empire

Apotheosis

Process of elevating a deceased emperor to divne status

Drum

Cylindrical or polygonal vertical wall that supports a dome

Dome

Hemispherical architectural structure, typically forming a ceiling or roof, that is usually curved and rises from a circular or polygonal base.

Oculus

Circular opening in the center of a dome or wall that originated in classical architecture

Coffer

Sunken panel that is used to decorate or distribute weight a ceiling or vault

Concrete

Heavy, rough building material made from a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand, cement, and water, that can be spread or poured into molds andthat for a mass resembling stone on hardening.

Reciprocity

Belief that if citizens provided offerings to the gods, the heavens would ensure the continued prosperity of worshippers.

Triumphal Arch

Monumental structures that commemorated significant events or honored important people

Niche

Decorate recess in a wall that was used to display objects like statues, busts, vases, or fonts.

Central Plan

Design that organized a building around a vertical axis, often within a circle.

Divine Kingship

Idea that a ruler is a sacred figure chosen by the gods and has divine authority

Sacrifice

Offering material possessions or lives of animals o humans to a deity as an act of propitiation or worship

Syncretism

the practice of merging different religions, cultures, or schools of thought.

Afterlife

The deceased llive on in the Underworld