Your Place in Nature Scientists--Test 1

Charles Darwin

• 1st theorizes evolution and natural selection (beagle voyage)

• 2nd publishes “Descent of Man: and theorizes Africa as origin of life

Edward Tyson

• “Dissection of Pygmie”

  • 1st detailed dissection of a chimpanzee (highlights some similarities)

T. H. Huxley

• “Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature”

• Adds and analyzes morphological evidence up to that point

Emile Zuckerlandl

• 1 of the pioneers of molecular biology in evolution

• Used gel electrophoresis to compare hemoglobin between extant species and determine relatedness

Goodman

Other pioneer of molecular biology, used immunology and compared responses to disease and then used that to determine relatedness between extant species

Alfred Layton

1902, did the 1st experiments involving blood coagulation (serology) and discovered the close relation between chimps and humans nearly a century before it would be commonly held

Watson and Crick

Discover DNA and allowed for scientists to use molecular evidence

Gregor Mendel

Father of genetics, explains dominant/recessive genes and alleles, gives us a mechanism for inheritance

Wallace

Does similar evolution theorizing to Darwin as his contemporary

Lamark

Theory of acquired characteristic works to explain evolution that was proposed by Wallace/Darwin

Carolus Linnaeus

Proposed taxonomic classification to organize odd species he discovered as a Swedish elite

Conroy and Vannie

Started working with CT scans to non-destructively examine the composition and get better analysis of fossils

Zonneveld

Implemented micro-CT scans which are now a common practice in the field

Jolly

Posits that baboons are a better evolution comparison to humans than modern chimps or bonobos due to evolutionary similarities

Ponce de Leon and Zollikofer

Pioneered virtual anthropology to digitally reassemble fossils allowing for more precisions and testing to be done (also can be less tedious with software)

Paabo

1st scientist to recover DNA from a fossil, starts a chain of reexamining fossils for molecular evidence

Mayr

Biological species concept: Species become species when they are fully reproductively isolated from 1 another, basically when they don’t breed (within the same group) they are no longer the same species

Simpson

Evolutionary Species Concept: Species are a group that all has the same evolutionary descent, they all progress the same evolutionary process

Patterson

Recognition Species Concept: Species are no longer the same species when they stop recognizing each other as potential mates, i.e. the most inclusive population of individuals who recognize each other and share a common fertilization system

Miles Eldrege

Proposes a significant way of viewing speciation with regard to the fossil record:

• Species are real

• They shouldn’t be built around 1 specimen, but instead use references of living species (later how we’ll view outgroups)

• With only hard evidence species recognition is exceedingly difficult, so don’t focus on it and be flexible

Herophilus and Erasistratus

Alexandrian physicians who experimented with the dissection of Egyptian prisoners (1st real anatomy comes from them)

Galen

Roman anatomist, built all of his work on analyzing non-human bones because human dissection was considered taboo (used until Vesalius

Andreas Vesalius

Dutch, created the 1st accurate detailed study of human anatomy. His texts are widely regarded as updating human anatomy and he was widely correct in his analysis (much more so than the Romans or the Greeks)

Sir Arthur Keith

• Anatomist

• Paleontologist

• Influential defender of the Piltdown fossils

• “New discoveries ect.” (Maps morphology and phylogeny, largely inaccurate but important)