PLS 6 - Exam 1 St

1 - Prof Lieth was inspired to create to Flower Power course when he read "Flower Confidential" on one of his business trips. Which of the following was the purpose of that trip?

a. To buy plants for use in a research project

b. To help growers figure out which flowering plants would sell best to various market segments

c. To boost horticultural flower production capacity as a means for creating peace in a country that had been at war

a. To create a new UC center as part of the education abroad program

c. To boost horticultural flower production capacity as a means for creating peace in a country that had been at war

1 - Which country was Prof Lieth vising at the time that he was inspired to create the Flower Power course?

a. China

b. Colombia

c. Equador

d. Montenegro

e. The Netherlands

d. Montenegro

1 - Which flower parts are part of the stamen?

a. Stigma, style

b. Anther, filament

c. Leaf, stem

d. Petals, sepals

b. Anther, filament

1 - Which flower parts are part of the carpel?

a. Stigma, style

b. Anther, filament

c. Leaf, stem

d. Petals, sepals

a. Stigma, style

1 - Sepals

located at base of flower; surround and protect the bud

1 - petals

located above sepals; frequently brightly colored (attracts pollinators)

1 - Receptacle

holds all the flower structures together

1 - Pedicel

stem of flower

1 - Stamen

Male reproductive structure

attached above petals

consists of filament and anther (produces pollen)

1 - Carpel (Pistil)

Female reproductive structure - centrally located

consists of: stigma (catches pollen), style - tube, ovary - contains one or more ovules

1 - Perfect flower

contains both stamens and pistils, male and female parts in the same flower (ex. stargazer lily)

1 - Imperfect flower

individual flower is either male or female

1 - Monoecious flower

male and female flowers appear on the same plant (ex. squash)

1 - Dioecious flower

a specimen of the plant is either male or female (ex. Ginko tree)

1 - Complete flower

has sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels

1 - Incomplete flowers

lacks one ore more of the 4 basic components of a flower (Sepals, petals, stamens, carpel)

all imperfect flowers are incomplete

1 - Simple flower

one single flower per stalk

1 - Compound flower

inflorescence looks like many flowers on one stalk (ex. gladiolas)

1 - what are the 3 forms of compound flowers?

raceme, spike, and corymb

1 - Raceme compound flowers

unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence with pedicellate (short floral stalks) flowers along the axis (ex. lily of the valley

1 - Spike compound flowers

type of raceme that does not have a pedicel (ex. gladiolus)

1 - corymb compound flowers

unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence that is flat-topped or convex (ex. boneset)

1 - Bilateral flower symmetry

divided by only a single plane into two mirror-image halves

1 - Radial flower symmetry

capable of being divided into equal halves along any diameter

1 - Who was Carl Linnaeus?

swedish botanist

developed the modern scheme for classifying plants (genus and species) called Binomial nomenclature

1 - Asexual propagation

taking cuttings and turning them into whole plants

every propagule is a clone

1 - sexual propagation

uses the organism's male and female parts to grow seeds

1 - Hybridization

breeders use sexual propagation: manipulating the male and female

1 - What are the 4 ways pollen is transferred?

wind, insects and other animals, no force at all, and human breeding

2 - What did Prof Lieth say about this image of a red and white tulip?

a. It is the most expensive botanical art ever sold.

b. It is an image of amorphophallus titanium

c. It was a prized specimen during Tulipmania

d. It is a tulip grown at UC Davis

e. None of these above

c. It was a prized specimen during Tulipmania

2 - This image was presented as being relevant to someone hiking in northern California. What is this plant and why was it mentioned?

a. It is a new strawberry type with foliage that is edible

b. It is Trifolium glabra which causes hair to grow on humans who touch it

c. It is poison Oak which causes a rash if the leaves come in contact with your skin

d. It is poison oak which is used in flower arrangements as foliage filler

c. It is poison Oak which causes a rash if the leaves come in contact with your skin

2 - This plant image shows dramatic realism. The artist was Albrecht Durer. During the lecture, it was identified as which plant?

a. Columbine

b. Parsley

c. Poison oak

d. Cilantro

a. Columbine

2 - Guest speaker Catherine Watters mentioned a relationship with Pierre-Joseph Redouté. How is she connected to this person?

a. He is a botanical artist with whom she collaborates on various florilegia.

b. He is a former boyfriend of hers and she is still in love with him.

c. He was a botanical artist who pained pictures for the wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. Mrs. Watters is not connected to him but does admire his work.

d. None of the above

c. He was a botanical artist who pained pictures for the wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. Mrs. Watters is not connected to him but does admire his work.

2 - What is Filoli?

a. A special type of filigree used to make floral bouquets more ornate

b. A type of dough used in making pastries

c. An estate in coastal northern California known for its collection of flowers and botanical art

d. The genus of a beautiful flower plant

c. An estate in coastal northern California known for its collection of flowers and botanical art

2 - To whom is the following sentence attributed? "It takes as much time to learn how to see as it does to learn how to paint."

a. Pablo Picasso

b. Heiner Lieth

c. Leonardo Da Vinci

d. Pierre-joseph Redoute

a. Pablo Picasso

2 - The large yellow image of a calla lilly above was painted by whom?

a. Pablo Picasso

b. Catherine waters

c. Georgia O'Keeffe

d. Albrecht durer

c. Georgia O'Keeffe

2 - Christine Shackel indicated that the scientific-sounding names were created by

a. Herself

b. Heiner lieth

c. K. shackle (her husband)

d. Catherine waters

c. K. shackle (her husband)

3 - The term "bending" is used with which crop?

a. Easter lilies

b. Chrysanthemum

c. Roses grown for cut flowers

d. Miniature roses grown as potted

e. None of the above

c. Roses grown for cut flowers

3 - Which of these involves the use of a bulb that is produced in a field.

a. Easter lilies

b. Chrysanthemum

c. Roses grown for cut flowers

d. Miniature roses grown as potted

e. None of the above

a. Easter lilies

3 - According to Prof Lieth's Floriculture lecture, Rocket Farms uses robots to

a. Repot plants

b. Space plants out from one tray to two

c. Put stakes into pots

d. Apply pesticides to plants

b. Space plants out from one tray to two

3 - In some cultures red flowers can mean this

a. Hate

b. Love

c. Friendship

d. Respect

a. Love

3 - In some cultures in Asia white chrysanthemums are considered to be

a. A get-well symbol

b. Passionate love

c. Funeral flower

d. Religious consideration

c. Funeral flower

3 - Which of the following technical terms identifies how chrysanthemum is induced to flower.

a. Pollination

b. Photoperiodism

c. Photoflowering

d. Photorespiration

None of the above

b. Photoperiodism

3 - When potted chrysanthemum is grown to be sold through stores and florists shops, the grower can use methods that result in marketable plants with precision timing. Which of the following levels of precision is possible for this plant?

a. To a particular hour of the day on a particular date, plus/minus 30 mins

b. To a particular day, plus/minus one day

c. To a particular week of the year plus/minus 1 or 2 days

d. None of the above

b. To a particular day, plus/minus one day

FC - Who was Woodriff in Flower Confidential?

the last generation of true, old-fashioned flower breeders

2 - why were there illustrations of flowers?

most folks could not read; illustrations were much more important

2 - What was one plant Albrecht Durer made an illustration of?

columbine

2 - Who were the two patrons Pierre-Joseph Redoute paint botanical art for?

Queen Marie-Antoinette and Empress Josephine

2 - what genus do true lilies belong to?

Lilium

2 - what are the three true lilies did professor Leith mention on his slides?

Easter lily, oriental lily, and asiatic lily

2 - is a calla lily a true lily?

no

2 - What are the two physical characteristics a calla lily has?

spathe (petal) and Spadix (spike with lots of tiny flowers)

2 - Who was the calla lily and other flower artist Leith presented in lecture?

Georgia O'Keeffe

3 - What are the three greenhouse production of floriculture?

bedding plants, potted flowering plants (pop mums, poinsettia, easterlily), and cut-flowers (rose, alstroemeria, chrysanthemum)

3 - what makes production floriculture and engineered process?

propagation/planting

targeting the sale/harvest date

environmental control

controlling flowering

2 - What was the age of exploration?

when explorers were sent out to document new plants

2 - how many petals and sepals (Tepals) does a true lily have?

3 petals inside and 3 sepals outside

2 - what was the first book recording the medicinal uses of plants published in 512 A.D?

Herbal

3 - What are the 3 production methods of pop mums?

- cuttings are taken from mother blocks

- either shipped to grower or rooted to be shipped later

- plants are potted

3 - Photoperiodic control

the way potted chrysanthemums are initiated to flower

3 - How was rose production done before the 1990s?

- hedges

- in greenhouse, in ground (amended soil)

- good drainage system

- named cultivar is grafted onto a rootstock

3 - how many leafleat leaves are left on the shoot of roses prior to 1990's?

5

3 - How was rose production done in the 21st century?

- bending / arching

- hydroponics

3 - Bending

the process of taking a growing shoot ad bending it over so that its growing bud is below the leaves of the stem

3 - Why is bending preformed on roses?

if the shoots dont seem strong enough

3 - What are the three ways rose quality is measured?

1. stem length

2. stem thickness

3. flower size

3 - Where is rocket farms located?

half moon bay, CA

3 - In what ways is rocket farms an automated system?

theres a machine that:

- cuts tops off plants

- move trays every day

- distributes the pots from one try onto two trays

- automated spray for misting with water or pesticides

3 - what does a red rose mean?

passion, love

3 - what do red flowers mean (exclude roses)?

high energy, passion

3 - what does a white flower usually mean?

purity, reverence

3 - what does a yellow flower usually mean?

friendship (not romantic)

3 - what does a Deep pink flower usually mean?

gratitude, appreciation, love

3 - what does a light pink flower usually mean?

admiration, sympathy, love

3 - what does a red/yellow flower usually mean?

happy/jovial

3 - what does a light blend of flowers usually mean?

sociability, friendship

3 - what does a orange flower usually mean?

enthusiasm, attraction

4 - The class field trip to this growing operation was located In which California town?

a. Davis

b. San jose

c. Halfmoon bay

d. Watsonville

d. Watsonville

4 - On the virtual field trip slide show we saw which types of animals?

a. Cats

b. Dogs

c. Insect pests

d. Birds

a. Cats

4 - In preparation for the exam you need to provide questions which might be used on the exam

a. True

b. False

a. True

4 - In the greenhouse there was an unexpected animal which served a particular purpose. What was that?

a. A dog guarding the flowers

b. A puppy which was there to make the employees feel good

c. A snake which was allowed to be there because it was not causing anyone any harm

d. Cats for rodent control

d. Cats for rodent control

4 - How frequently do they harvest the cut flower roses at California Pajarosa?

a. Once per week

b. Once per day

c. Twice per day except sundays

d. Continuously, and only when they have to fill an order for flowers

c. Twice per day except sundays

4 - The question has several correct answers to select from ; select ALL the correct answers.After flowers are harvested, they are taken to a room where they

a. Are graded

b. Are sprayed with a chemical

c. Have the flower wrapped in clear plastic

d. Are bunched

a. are graded

d. are bunched

4 - The plants at California Pajarosa are growing

a. In hydroponic systems

b. In the ground in greenhouses

c. In shipping containers

d. None of the above

a. In hydroponic systems

4 - Mr Claypool provided a lecture about the following

a. Cents and dollars of flowers

b. Scent of flowers

c. Sending flowers

d. Sand in which to grow flowers

b. Scent of flowers

4 - Which of the following is a material that smells putrid?

a. Amines

b. Indole

c. Putrescine

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

d. All of the above

4 - Why is scent important for plants?

a. They use it to advertise to pollinators

b. They use it to inhibit the growth of competing plants

c. They use it to force nearby pollen to be active

d. They use it to get themselves selected by humans as a form of natural selection

a. They use it to advertise to pollinators

4 - How are the roses grown at Pajarosa?

hydroponically

4 - What two problems caught Leith's eye during the tour of Pajarosa?

- some roses were growing sideways instead of straight up

- The roses had water condensing on the petals

4 - how did Pajarosa fix the pH of their water?

by using nitric acid which also provides nitrogen for the plants

4 - What two things do roses go through after harvesting?

grading and bunching

4 - What does it mean to be shipped "dry" or "wet"

to be shipped dry it means they are shipped without water and wet means it is shipped in water

4 - What happens to the roses after grading and bunching?

cold-chail, the flowers are kept cold

4 - Why are scents important for us humans?

- provide information about surrounding environment

- source of pleasure in foods and fragrances

- medicinal properties

4 - What is scent?

a complex mixture of volatile compounds, which produced by a flower (other parts of the plant can also produce it)

4 - What is a volatile compound?

- a small molecule which has a high tendency to evaporate

4 - What chemical compound is included for the smell of cut grass?

Aldehydes (isovaleraldehyde, cuminaldehyd, and hexanal)

4 - What chemical compound is included for the smell of apples, pinapple, and oranges?

esters (methyl butarate, ethyl butarate)

4 - What chemical compound is included for the smell of lemons, roses, oranges, and mint?

Terpenes (myrcene, geranial, geraniol, limonene, menthol)

4 - What chemical compound is included for the smell of almonds, cloves, vanilla?

Aromatics (benzaldehyde, eugenol, vaillin)