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Period
A musical structure consisting of two phrases, typically an antecedent and consequent, that creates a sense of balance and completion.
Basso continuo
An accompaniment used in the Baroque period, consisting of a bass line and harmonies typically played by keyboard and other instruments.
Concerto
A musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra, typically in three movements.
Ritornello
a recurrent section, like a theme, that returns throughout a piece
Basso ostinato
A musical motif or phrase that is persistently repeated in the same voice, often serving as the foundation for variations and improvisation.
Tremolo
A technique involving the rapid repetition of a note or the alternation between two notes, creating a trembling effect.
Tutti
All performers or instruments play together, often used in contrast to solo sections.
Antecedent phrase
A musical phrase that typically sets up a consequent phrase, often creating a question-and-answer relationship in tonal music.
Consequent phrase
A musical phrase that follows an antecedent phrase, often providing a resolution or answer to the musical question posed.
Sentence
Motive
a short musical idea, like a small fragment of melody or rhythm, repeated throughout a piece
Passing tone (p)
Approached by step, left by step in same direction
Neighboring tone (n)
Approached by step, left by step in opposite direction
Suspension (s)
Approached by same tone, left by step down
Appoggiatura (app)
Approached by leap, left by step
Escape tone (e)
Approached by step, left by leap in opposite direction
Neighboring group (n. gr)
Approached by step, left by step
Anticipation (ant)
Approached by step or leap, left by same tone (or leap)
Pedal point (ped)
Approached by same tone, left by same tone
