Domestic economy

During H7s reign city/agricultural labourers were…

better off economically than at any other point in the Tudor period

how was there continuity in the cloth trade

England was dependent on the cloth industry & it was its main export

In the last quarter of the 15th century there was an … in the volume of cloth exports

increase of over 60%

exports changed from raw wool to …..

finished cloth

… (e.g. Winchester & Lincoln) suffered decay as the cloth industry moved to newer manufacturing towns.

Historic cities

Historic cities (e.g…) suffered decay as the industry moved to newer manufacturing towns.

Winchester & Lincoln

Historic cities (e.g. Winchester & Lincoln) suffered decay as the industry moved to …

newer manufacturing towns

the cloth trade was responsible for … of the value of English exports.

90%

… reinforced Lonon’s commercial dominance within the country & established a commercial acis with Antwerp (the commercial metropolis of Europe & its main money market).

Merchants Adventurers

Merchants Adventurers reinforced London’s … within the country & established a commercial axis with Antwerp (the commercial metropolis of Europe & its main money market).

commercial dominance

Merchants Adventurers reinforced London’s commercial dominance within the country & established a … (the commercial metropolis of Europe & its main money market).

commercial axis with Antwerp

Antwerp was seen as the…

commercial metropolis of Europe & its main money market

The Merchants Adventurers could not achieve … because they proved unable to overcome the trading privileges of the Hanseatic League

complete domination of the cloth trade

The Merchants Adventurers could not achieve complete domination of trade because …

they proved unable to overcome the trading privileges of the Hanseatic League

The change from a primary to secondary economy (cloth trade) increased …

profits & employment

Greater move towards … in the 1480s & 1490s due to improved profitability with the increasing demand for wool. 

sheep farming

Greater move towards sheep farming in the … due to improved profitability with the increasing demand for wool.

1480s & 1490s

Greater move towards sheep farming in the 1480s & 1490s due to…

improved profitability with the increasing demand for wool

there were no…in agriculture

significant changes

England was a largely…society

agricultural

how was their continuity in agriculture

Mixed farming was the most common form of farming found in the lowland zone (south & east) & pastoral farming predominated woodland areas. Traditional strip farming could be found in the southeast & the east Midlands.

was agriculture during H7s reign a success?

Peasants lost their access to land & common rights with the development of enclosure & were often left destitute in the process - created moral outcry & political pressures

how was their continuity in other industries

remained small-scale

Much of the coal was shipped from … to meet the growing demand for domestic & industrial; fuel in London.

Newcastle

Much of the coal was shipped from Newcastle to …

meet the growing demand for domestic & industrial fuel in London

The development of … (first recorded in Finchale in County Durham in 1486) enabled greater production of coal

basic pumping technology

The development of basic pumping technology (first recorded in …) enabled greater production of coal

Finchale in County Durham in 1486

The development of basic pumping technology (first recorded in Finchale in County Durham in 1486) enabled …

greater production of coal

there was a … from 1496 in Sussex & Kent.

blast furnace

Blast furnace from …

1496 in Sussex & Kent

England remained dependant on the cloth industry as…

other industries remained small & failed to compete with their continental competitors

other industries supplied…

basic necessities of life (food & shelter)

other industries didn’t produce…

enough revenue so England was reliant on the cloth trade

there was tittle consistency to the crown’s approach to …

trade

There was … to the crown’s approach to trade.

little consistency

there was an embargo on the trade with the Netherlands in …(merchants had to direct their trade through Calais)

1493

Embargo on the trade with the … in 1493 (merchants had to direct their trade through Calais)

Netherlands

Embargo on the trade with the Netherlands in 1493 which meant …

merchants had to direct their trade through Calais

the trading embargo with the Netherlands ended with …

the Intercursus Magnus

Trading restrictions that had existed since E4 were removed in ... 

1486

The Treaty of Etaples encouraged …

Anglo-French commercial relations.

The remaining trading restrictions were removed in ...

1497

Intercursus Magnus returns trade with … back to what it was

Burgundy

the Intercursus Malus was never …

enforced

The Navigation Acts had limited … as foreign vessels continued to transport a substantial portion of English exports.

usefulness

The Navigation Acts had limited usefulness as …

foreign vessels continued to transport a substantial portion of English exports

H7 was prepared to sacrifice .. in the interests of securing the dynasty.

revenue & trade

H7 was prepared to sacrifice revenue & trade in the interests of …

securing the dynasty

H7 rated … as greater priorities than the interests of English merchants

foreign policy & dynastic interests

H7 rated foreign policy & dynastic interests as greater priorities than the …

interests of English merchants

Attempts to make a significant breakthrough in Mediterranean trade proved a …when the Hanseatic League was largely successful in limiting the development of English trading interests in the Baltic.

failure

Attempts to make a significant breakthrough in Mediterranean trade proved a failure when the …

Hanseatic League was largely successful in limiting the development of English trading interests in the Baltic