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War Production Board
Regulated labor allocation and manufacturing quotas.
FDR
President who established the War Production Board.
Unemployment Rate
Dropped from 14% to 2% during WWII.
Four Freedoms
Roosevelt's vision of essential American values.
Freedom from Fear
Desire for peace and security for all.
Freedom of Speech
First Amendment protection for free expression.
Freedom from Want
Economic security for average citizens post-war.
Norman Rockwell
Artist who illustrated the Four Freedoms.
Office of War Information
Mobilized public opinion during World War II.
OWI's Media Strategy
Used diverse media to promote liberty.
Fifth Freedom
Promoted free enterprise and consumer choice.
Rosie the Riveter
Symbol of women's empowerment in the workforce.
Women in Workforce
Made up over ⅓ of civilian labor force.
Labor Unions
Advocated for women's rights in the workplace.
Hollywood's Role
Glorified independent women during the war.
Economic Goals
Ensure prosperity and prevent another Depression.
Cultural Diversity
Celebrated contributions of all ethnic groups.
Luce vs. Wallace
Debated visions for America's post-war role.
Private Advertisements
Promoted wartime patriotism and consumerism.
Maternity Leave
One of the issues confronted by labor unions.
Temporary Employment
Women's work seen as non-permanent by employers.
Filipino Poet Bulosan
Wrote about Four Freedoms and minority struggles.
Japanese Internment
OWI refrained from promoting nationalist hysteria.
Women's Work
Perceived as temporary by society and employers.
WASPS
Women Airforce Service Pilots delivering military cargo.
National Resources Planning Board
Blueprint for peacetime economy and full employment.
Expanded Welfare State
Increased government support for social services.
Economic Security
Stable income and employment for all citizens.
Social Security Rights
Proposed rights to education, healthcare, and jobs.
Liberal Economic Policies
Advocated for government spending and social welfare.
Job Creation
Massive spending on public works and employment.
Urban Redevelopment
Revitalization of city infrastructure and housing.
Harry Truman
FDR's successor and U.S. president from 1945-1953.
Atomic Bomb Decision
Truman's choice to use atomic weapons in Japan.
Hiroshima Bombing
First atomic bomb dropped on August 6, 1945.
Casualties of Hiroshima
Immediate death of over 70,000 people.
Cold War Leadership
Truman's role in early Cold War tensions.
Gi Bill of Rights
Provided benefits to veterans for education and housing.
Post-War Employment
Prevented widespread unemployment among returning soldiers.
Civil Rights Legislation
Truman's efforts towards civil rights advancements.
FDR's New Deal Policies
Continuation of economic reforms under Truman's presidency.
Truman Doctrine
Policy to contain communism during the Cold War.
Unemployment Prevention
Gi Bill aimed to reduce post-war joblessness.
Mass Consumption
Economic strategy encouraging widespread consumer spending.
Bill of 1946
Legislation reflecting government employment support post-war.
Hayek's Economic Beliefs
Advocated free market over planned economies.
Minimum Wage Laws
Regulations ensuring workers receive a base salary.
Braceros Program
1942 agreement for Mexican labor in the US.
Contract Laborers
Workers under government contracts, often exploited.
Mexican American Opportunities
Increased roles in defense and public sectors.
Chicano Culture
Fusion of Mexican heritage and American experience.
Zoot Suit Riots
1943 conflict highlighting racial tensions in LA.
Civil Rights Movement
Movement addressing discrimination and advocating equality.
FEPC
Commission combating employment discrimination in the Southwest.
Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges Resolution
Texas resolution to maintain segregation under false pretenses.
Code Talkers
Native soldiers using languages for secure communications.
GI Bill
Legislation aiding veterans in education and housing.
Japanese American Internment
Forced relocation due to wartime fears post-Pearl Harbor.
Executive Order 9066
1942 order for Japanese American relocation.
Issei
First-generation Japanese immigrants in the US.
Nisei
American-born children of Japanese immigrants.
Japanese Propaganda
Depicted Americans negatively during WWII.
Racial Prejudice
Discrimination against Japanese Americans during the war.
Mexican American Military Service
Half a million served in WWII.
Barrios
Ethnic neighborhoods for Mexican Americans.
Urban Migration
Natives moving to cities for war jobs.
Internment Camps
Detention centers for Japanese Americans during WWII.
Korematsu v. US
Supreme Court case on internment legality.
Justice Hugo Black
Supreme Court Justice who upheld internment.
Loyalty Oath Program
Japanese Americans swore allegiance to the U.S.
Second Great Migration
Blacks moved from South to Northern cities.
Executive Order 8802
Banned discrimination in defense jobs.
Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)
Monitored compliance with anti-discrimination policies.
Double V Campaign
Victory against fascism abroad and segregation at home.
NAACP Growth
Membership increased from 50,000 to 500,000.
Detroit Race Riot
1943 violence resulting in 34 deaths.
Segregated Military Units
Black soldiers served in noncombat roles.
GI Benefits
Limited for black veterans to segregated colleges.
Racial Exclusion Patterns
Systematic discrimination in job placements.
Civil Rights Movement
Post-war movement for racial equality.
Smith v. Allwright
Outlawed all-white primaries in elections.
Hate Strike
Protest against upgrading black workers.
Barriers to Employment
Blacks faced hostility in industrial job markets.
Lynching
Continued violence against blacks despite war efforts.
Segregated Housing
Blacks faced discrimination in housing markets.
Political Rights Deprivation
Southern states restricted black voting rights.
Colonialism and Racism
Racism rooted in slavery and colonial practices.
Barbed Wire Fences
Physical barriers surrounding internment camps.
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Major naval battle in October 1944.
Kamikaze Pilots
Japanese suicide attackers targeting US ships.
Battle of Okinawa
Colossal battle with significant US and Japanese casualties.
Manhattan Project
Top secret US program to develop atomic bomb.
Atomic Bomb Testing
Successful test conducted in July 1945.
Hiroshima Bombing
August 6, 1945, first atomic bomb dropped.
Nagasaki Bombing
August 9, 1945, second atomic bomb dropped.
Potsdam Conference
July 1945 meeting of Allied leaders.
Big Three Leaders
Stalin, Truman, and Churchill at Potsdam.
War Crime Trials
Agreed at Potsdam for top Nazi leaders.
Eastern Europe Influence
Soviet control established post-World War II.
Yalta Conference
Agreements on post-war Europe and Japan.
