Health Promotion, Wellness, and Disease Prevention - Module 4

Flashcards covering key concepts from Health Promotion, Wellness, and Disease Prevention module notes.

What is health promotion?

Process of enhancing people’s influence over and improvement of their health.

What is wellness?

Actions taken by individuals to achieve their fullest potential for complete, holistic health.

What is disease prevention?

Primary and secondary (early detection) preventive measures aimed at reducing the burden of disease and associated risk factors (e.g., immunizations & hand hygiene).

Health outcomes are the result of what measures?

Health promotion and disease prevention measures.

In the Illness-Wellness Continuum, what does wellness involve?

Incorporating new behaviors and practices to enhance well-being.

What does acquiring knowledge refer to in the Illness-Wellness Continuum?

Gaining information about health, wellness, and disease to inform decisions.

What does self-checks, examining each facet of wellness mean?

Regular assessment of components of wellness to monitor health status.

What does 'Awareness that something is not right' indicate on the continuum?

Recognition that there may be a health issue.

What is the 'Manifestation of illness'?

The appearance of symptoms or signs of illness.

What does 'Dysfunction' refer to on the Illness-Wellness Continuum?

Impaired or abnormal functioning due to illness.

What does 'Early Demise' represent?

An early end of life or severe prognosis within the continuum.

What does 'Shifting focus to treatment of symptoms' signify?

Emphasizing symptom management rather than cure.

How does WHO define health promotion?

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.

Health improvement strategies are focused on which levels?

National or individual levels.

What are the two main avenues of health promotion in the U.S. context?

Federal Healthy People initiatives & legislation; Individual health professional education and guidance.

True or false: The United States leads in life expectancy, infant mortality, and obesity compared to other developed countries.

False; the U.S. trails other developed countries in these measures.

How often are national health promotion and disease prevention objectives developed?

Every ten years.

When was Healthy People launched?

1979.

What edition is Healthy People 2030?

The fifth edition.

What is the purpose of Healthy People initiatives?

To improve the health of all Americans.

How many pillars are there in self-care?

7 pillars.

Define 'Knowledge and health literacy' as a pillar.

Increase one’s understanding and knowledge of health, wellness, and disease.

Define 'Mental well-being and self-awareness' as a pillar.

Implement measures to improve life satisfaction and awareness of one’s own health status.

Define 'Physical activity' as a pillar.

Participate in a moderate level of exercise several times a week at regular intervals.

Define 'Healthy eating' as a pillar.

Consume an appropriate caloric intake of nutritious foods.

Define 'Risk avoidance' as a pillar.

Receive vaccinations, practice safe sex, avoid tobacco use, and limit alcohol intake.

Define 'Good hygiene' as a pillar.

Practice handwashing, dental hygiene, and washing foods prior to consumption.

Define 'Rational and responsible use of products and services' as a pillar.

Use prescription and nonprescription medications, preventive health services, vitamins and supplements, and health and wellness services responsibly.

What does the ANA emphasize about nurse self-care?

Nurse self-care is taking positive and sustainable action to begin and achieve lifelong habits to improve physical and mental health.

What does the statement about the disconnect between knowledge and practice describe in self-care context?

The gap between knowing about health, illness, and best practices and applying that knowledge to one’s life.

What is Health Communication?

Verbal and written approaches to control, inspire, and make healthier choices; should be evidence-based, culturally sensitive, understandable, and delivered through diverse media.

Name factors affecting health status.

Genetics, Age, Sex, Ethnicity, Family health history, Lifestyle.

What are the five broad categories of social determinants of health?

Genetics; Behavior; Environmental and physical influences; Medical care; Social factors.

What is a modifiable risk factor?

Behaviors and exposures that can raise or lower risk and measures to reduce risk (e.g., tobacco use, unhealthy eating, sedentary lifestyle).

What is a nonmodifiable risk factor?

Conditions that increase the risk of developing a disease (e.g., genetics, ethnicity/race, age, family health history).

What should nurses educate patients about regarding screenings?

The importance of preventive screenings.

How do socioeconomic factors influence health?

Low-income individuals are less likely to have insurance and afford treatments/food, leading to higher rates of illness, stress, anxiety, and depression.

How do environmental factors influence health?

Living in areas with high pollution, hazards, and wastes can negatively impact health.

What is health literacy?

The ability to process and understand basic health information necessary to make appropriate health care decisions.

How does culture influence health?

Affects what a patient values, believes, and embraces as important; includes rituals, language, preferred foods, emotional expression, and social groups.

How do family dynamics influence health?

Family status impacts coping and stress levels, affecting health and wellness.

Define primary prevention.

Intervening before negative health effects occur; decrease risk by changing behaviors or minimizing exposures (e.g., vaccinations, quitting smoking, seat belts/helmets).

Define secondary prevention.

Detection and treatment of preclinical changes to reduce the impact of disease or injury; early screening (BP, cancer screenings like mammograms/colonoscopy).

Define tertiary prevention.

Aims to reverse, minimize, or delay the effects of a disease or disability; includes rehab (PT/OT) and may include support groups.