cell & organelle

cell theory

cells are basic structure and function unit of all living things

Cells

Lowest structural level, carry out specific functions

lowest structural level

• specific functions

Tissues

Made up of cells with similar specialisations. Group together to carry out a common function

made up of cells grouped with similar specialisations

• for common function

Organs

Made up of two or more tissues. Group together to carry out a common function

2/+ tissues group together

• for common function

Organ systems

Highest level of organisation

• group of organs working for a common purpose

cell membrane structure and function

Structure :

• double layered membrane made of phospholipids and protein

Function:

• controls movement of substance into.out of cell (physical barrier)

Cytoplasm/cytosol structure and function

Structure:

• Thick fluid of cytosol (75-90% water some w/ dissolved substances)

• organelles are suspended in.

Function:

• allows chemical reactions to occur

• shapes of cell

Nucleus structure and function

Structure :

• spherical

Function:

• stores genetic material mostly in form of DNA

Nucleolus structure and function

Structure:

• small structure within the nucleus

Function:

• contains genetic material mostly RNA

Lysosomes structure and function

Structure

• small spherical

Function

• contains enzymes that breakdown worn-out materials/organelles

endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure and function

Structure

• parrel membranes connecting cell with nuclear membrane

function

• surface for chemical reactions

• store transport materials

(smooth )sER =ribosomes attached

(Rough) rER = no ribosomes

Ribosomes structure and function

Structure

• small spheres may be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER

Function

• joins ammino acids together = protein

vesicals

strucutre

• small membrane bound sac

Function

• transport materials in/out within cell

gogli body (apparatus)

structure:

• stacked flatten membranes

function

• modify and package protein for secretion (discharged from cell)

  → give them to vesicles

centrole

structure

• pair of cylinders near nucleus

function

• invloved in cell reproduction

mitochondria

Strucuture:

• Double membraned elongated structures (nutri-grain)

Function:

• Release energy for the cell through cell respiration

Cytoskeletons

Structure -microtubles→ hollow rods that keep organells in place or move them around cell

Microfilaments move materials around cytoplasm or move the whole cell

Function: gives cell shape

-assits in cell movement

• cell shape