apush chp 28 and progressive movement

theodore roosevelt

1901-1909, Big stick diplomacy, square deal, trust busting

William Howard Taft

1909-1913, Dollar Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson

1913-1921, triple wall of privilege, moral diplomacy, believed all trusts were bad

Jacob Riis

Wrote"How the Other Half Lives" and Exposed the horrors of life in the slums of New York (1890)

Lincoln Steffens

Wrote "The Shame of the Cities" 1904 and Exposed corruption in city politics (political machines)

Ida Tarbell

Wrote "History of Standard Oil Company" published in McClure's Magazine in 1902. Investigative Journalist Wrter

National Consumers League

headed by Florence Kelley(she was active in the settlement house movement with Jane Addams) advocated for the rights of women in the work place, laws against child labor, etc.

Muller vs. Oregon (1908)

court ruled that laws protecting women workers and restricting women to 10 hour work days were constitutional. The court rules that women deserve and needed special protections as women in the workplace.

Governor Robert La Follette

-Governor of Wisconsin

-Wisconsin idea: Regulate public utilities, Took on the powerful railroad industry, Adopted tax reforms, Political reform

Direct Primary

nomination of candidates placed into the hands of voters

Recall

Elected politicians could be removed from office by voters before their term ends

Initiative

Voters could introduce laws

Referendum

Voters could directly vote on laws

16th Amendment

Graduated income tax

17th Amendment

voters could vote directly on senators

18th amendment

Prohibition of Alcohol

19th amendment

Women’s right to vote

“Wet” people

People against prohibition. Catholic immigrants were known to be okay with drinking especially those so called new immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Tended to live in Urban areas.

“dry” people

Protestant Native born Americans usually supported the temperance movement and wanted to ban alcohol. Lived in more rural areas.

Coal Miners Strike 1902

Roosevelt attempts to mediate the labor dispute. Owners won't compromise so TR threatens to take over the mines with federal troops. This was very different from previous presidents, since usually it was using troops against the workers.

Square Deal

Corporations, Consumer protections, Conservation

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Roosevelt knew this act was ineffective at reducing the power of trusts/corporations. He Breaks up Northern Securities Company and is upheld by Supreme Court. He Increases the power of ICC, which was relatively weak for much of the Gilded Age.

Elkins Act 1903

Power of ICC is increased through this act. It increases penalties for rate revates.

Hepburn Act 1906

Power of ICC is increased through this act. Gave ICC power to set maximum rates for railroads.

Sierra Club

Advocated by John Muir and helped environment

Forest Reserve Act

protect 150 million acres of federal land. TR uses the power of the federal government to protect environment.

Newlands Reclamation Act

Money from the sale of public lands could be used for irrigation projects out west.

Federal Reserve Act

Wilson wanted a decentralized bank that was controlled by the government (not a private one) → regulates banking, increases circulation of paper money, later helps with financial crises during WW1.

Triple Wall of Privilege

These were the three components Wilson believed that allowed big business to thrive: Tariffs, Trusts, Banks.

Underwood Tariff 1913

biggest tariff reduction in 50 years. Farmers and lower classes are happy with the lowered import fees and the graduated income tax. Now big businesses have foreign competition and have to actually produce good products because people aren't limited to the domestic market anymore. Big businesses also have to pay more money to taxes because of graduated income tax.

Alice Paul

Woman suffragist, feminist
- 1910- Campaigned for 19 Amendment
- 1916- Organize militant National Woman's Party

Florence Kelley

Helped create the National Association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP). Was a wage abolitionist who fought got higher wages

Ida B Wells

She was a journalist, anti-lynching activist, women's suffragette, and an early civil rights movement leader. Part of NAACP.