AP Bio summer vocab

A- an

Absence of something. Without

Ab

Away from

Abiotic

Nonliving

Acid

Substance that releases protons in solution

Active site

Region of the enzyme that the substrate binds to

Active transport

Transport of a substance across a membrane that requires energy

Aerobic

Requires oxygen. In the presence of oxygen

Allele

Alternate form of a gene

Amino acid

Monomer of a protein

Amphi

On both sides. Of both kinds

Anabolism

Metabolic process in which complex molecules are formed from simpler molecules

Anerobic

Absence of oxygen. Does not require oxygen

Ante

Preceding. Before

Anion

Negatively charged ion

Ant

Anti. Opposed to

Apical

Pertaining to the apex or tip of something. Usually a plant

Ase

Suffix that indicates the substance is an enzyme

Atom

Smallest unit of a chemical element. Consists of protons electrons and neutrons

Autosome

Chromosome that codes for all traits except gender

Bacillus

Rod shaped bacteria

Base

Substance that can accept a hydrogen ion in solution. Opposite of an acid

bi

Two

Bio

Life

Bilayer

In membranes a structure that is two lipid layers thick

Biomass

The total weight of all the living organisms

Biosphere

Synonym for earth

Biotic

Living

Caput

Head

Carbohydrate

Organic compound with a 1:2:1 ratio of C H O

Cardio

Heart

Catabolism

Metabolic process in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler molecules

Cation

Positively charged ion

Cephalo

Head

Coccus

Spherically shaped bacterial cell

Complementary base pairing

In DNA Adenine always pairs with Thymine; Guanine always pairs with Cytosine

Corp

Body

Covalent bond

Chemical bond resulting from sharing of electrons between atoms

cyto

Pertaining to the cell

Cytokinesis

The division of cytoplasm in a dividing cell

Deciduous

Trees that lose their leaves but do not die

Deoxyribose

The pentose sugar found in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Di

Two

Ecology

The study of the interactions between living and non living factors in a particular area

Endocytosis

The process by which liquids/substances are taken up by the cell

Endo

Within

Enzyme

A type of protein that usually serves as a catalyst (speeds up a chemical reaction)

Epi

Over or above

Eukaryote

Cell that contains organelles

Exo

Outside Out of

Exocytosis

The process by which waste leaves the cell

Extra

Outside of

Flagell

Whip

Gamete

Mature sex cell. Can be sperm or egg

Gastr

Stomach

Glycogen

Storage form of energy in animals

Hetero

Prefix meaning different

Hyper

Prefix meaning above average

Hypo

Prefix meaning below average

Intra

Within

Iso

Prefix meaning same

Ligand

Any molecule that binds to the receptor site of another molecule

Lipids

Molecules that are lipids include fats oils waxes and steroids

Lysis

Process that involves breaking down or bursting apart

Macro

Prefix that indicates a large size

Meiosis

The process of division of sex cells

Meso

Middle

Micro

Prefix that indicates small size

Mitosis

The process of division of somatic cells (all body cells that aren’t sex cells)

Mono

One

Monomer

Small units that when put together make up polymers

Morpho

Shape or form

Multi

Many. More than one

Myo

Muscle

Necro

Death

Neo

New

Nucleic acid

Polymer of DNA or RNA

Nucleus

Control center of the cell

Organelles

Collective term for all structures inside a eukaryotic cell

Peri

Around

Phago

Prefix means to eat

Photo

Prefix means light

Pino

Prefix means to drink

Poly

Multiple or many

Pseudo

Fake or false

Prokaryote

Cell that does not contain organelles

Protein

Polymer consisting of amino acid monomers

Semi

Half

Soma

Body

Sub

Prefix that indicates a structure is below another structure

Super or Supra

Above

Sym or syn

Root that indicates being together

Trans

Across

Tri

Three

Troph

Nourish

Viscero

Organ