Educational Audiology

When did the first school for the deaf open?

1817

What year was the first law affecting individuals with disabilities passed?

1827

What was the name of the first law that affected individuals with disabilites?

PL 19-8

What was the Babbidge Report's purpose?

to assess status and needs of education of deaf from preschool to adulthood

What year was the Babbidge Report published?

1965

What did the Babbidge Report find?

there was:

- limited academic success

- a need for services to facilitate language and speech perception

- a need to maximize residual hearing

What was the first school to implement educational audiology curriculum? What year was it implemented?

Utah State University in 1966

Which law was significant for milder hearing losses and APD because of physical accommodations?

Section 504 (PL 93-112)

Which was the first law that protected the rights of handicapped persons?

Section 504 (PL 93-112)

T/F: a 504 plan provides individualized instruction.

False

Which law provides due process and procedural safeguards?

PL 93-38 Education of the Handicapped Amendments

What is FAPE?

Free and Appropriate Public Education

What is LRE?

Least Restrictive Environment

Which law required schools to provide a FAPE in the LRE?

PL 94-142

Which law was the first to reference audiology as a related service?

PL 94-142

What public law is IDEA?

PL 94-142

In 1976, an addition to PL 94-142 was made that required public agencies (schools) to do what?

Daily function and listening checks on hearing devices

Part B of IDEA covers what ages?

3-21

Part C of IDEA covers what ages?

birth-3

Which law is the reason we have early intervention?

PL 99-457

In 1988 the Commission on the Education for the Deaf (CED) published a report that focused on poor educational performance of deaf children. What organization was established because of this report?

National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)

Which law provides protection from discrimination based on disability and replaced "handicap" with "disability?"

PL 101-336 Americans with Disabilities Act

What does IDEA stand for?

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

Which law wanted high school graduation rate to be 90%, children to start school ready to learn, state tests, US to be first in math and science, every adult to be literate, and every school free of drugs by the year 2000?

PL 103-227 Goals 2000

T/F: IDEA is reauthorized every year?

True

What year was the Every Student Succeeds Act established?

2015 (the reauthorization of IDEA)

What are the minimum requirements to be an educational audiologist?

- completed coursework and practicum

- Master's or Au.D. from an accredited university

Name some classes that you would need to be an educational audiologist.

- Psychosocial aspects of hearing loss

- counseling

- multicultural and diverse learners

- hearing assistive technology and amplification

- speech and language development

- auditory processing disorders

- cochlear implants

- language and learning impairments in children

- communication systems for children with HL

- classroom acoustics

- hearing conservation

And more

What are some professional competencies needed to become an educational audiologist?

- identification/prevention programs

- establishing hearing conservation programs

- provide cerumen management

- determine need/select/fit amplification devices

- ear mold impressions

- provide interpretation of results

- preform audiological assessments

- make referrals

- educational management of children with HL

- collaborate with other disciplines

- maintain written records

- provide counseling

- provide auditory habilitation

What are the 3 types of educational audiologists?

- service coordinator

- instructional team member

- consultant

Which type of Educational Audiologist is this:

- full time

- ensure all IEP services are implemented

- maintain contact with providers and give feedback

- monitor students' progress/placement

- support transitions from grade to grade

- evaluate student placement and modify if needed

- prepare teachers and other providers

Service Coordinator

Which type of Educational Audiologist is this:

- full time

- focused on audiological assessment

- management of amplification

- direct (re)habilitation services

- in-service provision

- a staff member

- not responsible for overall case management of the child

Instructional Team Member

Which type of Educational Audiologist is this:

- not full time

- not a staff member

- assist teacher with classroom modifications, integration of auditory skills into curriculum, activities for improved listening, audiological information, amplification systems, hearing conservation presentations, and HL presentations

- Identifying HL

- assessment of HL

- amplification

- educational planning and support

- family support

Consultant

What are the 3 service delivery models?

- School based

- Contractual

- Clinical

Which service delivery model is this:

- direct employee

- caseload is large

- higher cost to the district

- autonomous

- comprehensive services

- you're an "insider"

- district owned and purchased equipment

School Based

Which service delivery model is this:

- on contract

- appropriate for smaller districts

- limited services

- completely autonomous

- you're an outsider

- equipment purchased by audiologist

- cost-effective for the district

- in-services

Contractual

Which service delivery model is this:

- provides support for parental advocacy

- usually uncompensated

- unknown source

- collaborates with school professionals in various ways

- difficult for time management

- important for complete management of children

- spends most of their time in the clinic

Clinical

What are the 3 goals of marketing?

- increased name recognition

- increased visibility of services

- increased knowledge of program outcomes

Why is name recognition important?

it gives the idea that the product/service is better because more people are familiar with the name

Who is internal marketing aimed at?

- clients

- employees of the school district

How does internal marketing occur?

through in-services and teacher conferences regarding students

Who is external marketing aimed at?

- community

- parents

- support groups

- professional organizations

- public agencies

- institutions

- referral sources

- advocates (financial and political)

What are some physical items that you should bring with you when trying to get a school district to hire you?

- Your card with your name/title/contact info on it

- some sort of list with your services on it

- 16 reasons why you need an educational audiologist

- any visual aids

- presentations you have given

- current research that supports having an EA

- brochures

T/F: Not everything needs to have your name and contact info on it. Only your business card needs that information

False. Everything needs to have your name/title/contact info on it

When developing a marketing plan, what things do you need to consider?

- who am I marketing my services to?

- what services am I marketing/what will I provide?

- when and where am I doing this marketing?

- how am I marketing (calling, send letters, in-services)?

List forms of written marketing strategies

- brochures

- business cards

- stationary

- information letters

- laminated handouts

- consumer surveys

- letters to the editor

- newsletters

When giving in-services/presentations, what are some things to remember?

- determine your primary message

- know the background of your audience

- involve your audience

- use visuals

- alert the local media

- always repeat primary message at the end

- use surveys or pretests/posttests

A child with a ___ dB PTA (who is unaided) could cause a child to fail at least 1 grade.

17

A child with a minimal hearing loss who is unaided may miss up to ___% of the speech signal when the teacher is 3+ feet away

10

A child with a mild hearing loss who is unaided may miss up to ____-____ % of the speech signal if the teacher is 3+ feet away.

25-40

T/F: Children with mild hearing loss are often misidentified as having ADHD

True

A child with a moderate hearing loss who is unaided may miss up to ____-____ % of the speech signal if the teacher is 3+ feet away.

50-80

T/F: If a child's hearing loss is 70 dB or worse across the board, HAs wont provide that much benefit.

True. HAs might only provide awareness to loud sounds

What is the main difficulty in kids with unilateral hearing loss?

difficulty localizing sounds and voices

Which type of hearing loss gets misidentified as ADHD more than any other hearing loss?

unilateral hearing loss

What is the main difficulty associated with high frequency hearing loss?

missing high frequency consonant sounds, especially in noise

On an audiogram 250-1kHz is more important in terms of ___________, and 2kHz-8kHz are more important in terms of ______________.

volume, discrimination

What are 3 causes of fluctuating hearing loss?

Pendred's Syndrome

Meniere's Disease

Chronic ME infections

What is the maximum permissable reverberation time in a classroom?

.6-.7 seconds

What is the maximum permissible level of background noise in the classroom?

35dB

What is the difference between a modification and accommodations?

An accommodation changes how a student learns the material. A modification changes what a student is taught or expected to learn. Here is a chart that explains the differences.

IEPs are funded by what part of IDEA?

Part B

T/F: you don't need parental consent to establish an IEP

False

Who can be part of the IEP team?

- child

- parents

- audiologist

- SLP

- teacher

- sped teacher

- psychometrist

- principal

What are the 4 types of IEP meetings?

- initial eligibility meeting

- annual review meeting

- triennial meeting

- revision meeting

A revision meeting must occur within ___ days of the request.

10

The initial eligibility meeting must occur within ___ days of identification.

30

What part of the IEP tells how the child is currently functioning in school?

Present Levels of Educational Performance

What part of the IEP is broken down into short term objectives and benchmarks?

Measurable Annual Goals

What section is the educational audiologist in on the IEP?

Special Education and Related Services

What part of the IEP indicates how much time the child will spend with non-disabled peers?

Participation with non-disabled children

T/F: There is a section in the IEP for a plan for delivering services and modifications.

True

T/F: There is not a section on the IEP where you can measure and report progress.

False. There is

T/F: if assistive technology or devices are listed on a child's IEP, the school must make sure the services are made available to the child at no cost to the child or the child's parents

True

When does transition planning begin?

at 14 years old

What age does the IEP have to address what specific transition services the child needs?

16 years

At ___ year(s) before the age of majority, the IEP must state that the student has been informed that all rights will be turned over to him/her.

1 year

What does ESY stand for?

Extended School Year

What is the Extended School Year?

- provision of services when school is not in session

- only for children who will experience marked loss in learning that will not be gained back without summer services

T/F: There is a place to include non educational related services on the IEP.

True

T/F: The parent can request a revision meeting at any time.

True

T/F: A 504 plan is legally binding and provides due process and procedural safeguards

False

What does DM stand for?

Direct Modulation

What does FM stand for?

Frequency Modulation

T/F: It is appropriate to fit a child with a direct mic instead of a DM/FM system

False

List some benefits of FM/DM systems

- reduces distracting background noise

- reduces reverberation and sound distortion

- reduces listening fatigue

- improves voice clarity and understanding

- improves hearing at a distance from the speaker

- reduced teacher sick days

- reduced behavioral issues

- all students' grades improved

Which is recommended for children in the classroom? Personal FM device or soundfield FM device?

Personal FM

What are the two parts of an FM system?

- transmitter

- receiver

What are the 3 types of receivers?

Universal

Dedicated

Integrated

What is the audio shoe/boot?

The piece that connects the receiver to the HA

We usually set the hearing aids to function with _____ % input from hearing aids and _____ % input from FM system.

50, 50

T/F: FM and DM systems are always adjusting SNRs for ideal listening

True

What frequencies does that FM transmit from?

216-217 MHz

What environments might an FM system be useful?

- speech therapy

- rec activities

- assemblies/auditorium

- library

- music

- gym

- cafeteria

- computer lab

- at home

- in the car

- grocery store

- restaurants

- church

Who can get an FM system?

- any kid with HL

- Kids with ANSD

- kids with APD

- Kids with language deficits

- ELLs

- any child with a learning disorder

Why might you not suggest an FM system for a child?

- sensory issues

- if they are significantly averse to wearing a device

- significant cognitive issues

T/F: all kids with hearing aids need an FM system

False

Can children without amplification devices wear receivers for an FM system.

Yes

How will a child wear an FM receiver without an amplification device?

They will wear a fake hearing aid or whatever.

(a receiver that looks like a HA)

T/F: you need to provide pre and post amplification outcome measures to show improvement and that the FM system is working for the child

True