CSEC Human and Social Biology Revision

Practice flashcards for CSEC Human and Social Biology topics, focusing on key terms, definitions, and concepts.

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

Nutrition, growth, excretion, respiration, movement, irritability, and reproduction.

What is the process of photosynthesis?

The synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water using light energy and chlorophyll.

What is the main function of the heart?

To pump blood around the body, separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Define homeostasis.

The maintenance of a constant internal environment within the body.

What are the types of immunity?

Natural, artificial, active, passive, innate, and acquired immunity.

What do the terms 'signs' and 'symptoms' mean in the context of disease?

Signs are observable and measurable indicators of disease, while symptoms are felt by the sufferer and are subjective.

List two effects of pollution on human health.

Neurological diseases, respiratory diseases, and increased risk of cancer.

What are the primary functions of white blood cells?

To fight infections and protect the body from pathogens.

Explain the role of the kidneys in excretion.

The kidneys filter waste products from the blood, such as urea, and regulate water balance.

What is the importance of genetic variation?

Genetic variation increases the adaptability and survival of a species in changing environments.

What is the role of insulin in the body?

Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells.

Define asexual reproduction.

Reproduction that involves only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring.

What are the two main types of blood circulation in humans?

Pulmonary circulation (to the lungs) and systemic circulation (to the body).

How can lifestyle diseases impact human health?

They can lead to chronic conditions, increased healthcare costs, and decreased quality of life.

What is the significance of the menstrual cycle?

It prepares the female body for potential pregnancy and regulates reproductive hormones.

What is a vector in the context of disease transmission?

An organism, often an insect, that transmits disease pathogens from one host to another.

How do antibiotics work?

They kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

What is the function of the liver in body processes?

The liver processes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and produces bile for digestion.

Explain how vaccines work to provide immunity.

Vaccines stimulate the immune system by introducing a harmless form of a pathogen, prompting the production of antibodies.

What are common signs of asthma?

Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

What is the effect of smoking on the respiratory system?

It causes inflammation, obstructs airways, and reduces lung function.

Describe the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll captures light energy needed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

What are the components of a balanced diet?

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

What is the function of lymphocytes in the immune response?

They recognize antigens and produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens.

What are the primary sources of water pollution?

Agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, sewage, and oil spills.

What is the purpose of proper waste disposal?

To prevent pollution, protect public health, and preserve environmental quality.